11 research outputs found
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Understanding uncertainty in recycling carbon fiber reinforced composites
Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) is a trending topic in the context of the current levels of CFRPs application in different industries and evolving environmental legislation and regulations. However, the recycling processes tend to be accompanied by various uncertainties leading to an increase of difficulties in evaluating them. This study aims to investigate the uncertainties that accompany the recycling of CFRPs by identifying, categorizing, and analysing their impacts. Four main categories such as technical (primary recycling process), recyclate pre-processing, supply chain, and market uncertainties were identified in this study and analysed in a wider context
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A cost modelling system for recycling carbon fiber-reinforced composites
Cost-effective and environmentally responsible ways of carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRP) recycling are increasingly important, owing to the rapidly increasing use of these materials in many industries such as the aerospace, automotive and energy sectors. Product designers need to consider the costs associated with manufacturing and the end-of-life stage of such materials to make informed decisions. They also need to understand the current methods of composite recycling and disposal and their impact on the end-of-life costs. A comprehensive literature review indicated that there is no such tool to estimate CFRP recycling costs without any prior knowledge and expertise. Therefore, this research paper proposed a novel knowledge-based system for the cost modelling of recycling CFRP that does not require in-depth knowledge from a user. A prototype of a cost estimation system has been developed based on existing CFRP recycling techniques such as mechanical recycling, pyrolysis, fluidized bed, and supercritical water. The proposed system has the ability to select the appropriate recycling techniques based on a user’s needs with the help of an optimization module based on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Estimating recycling costs has taken into consideration various factors such as different material types in different industries, transportation, and dismantling costs. The developed system can be employed to support early-stage designers and decision-making stakeholders in terms of understanding and predicting recycling costs easily and quickly
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Carbon fiber composites application and recycling in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries
The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) has expanded in many industries due to superior properties compared to traditional materials. Nevertheless, their recycling is challenged by immature recycling market and poor legislative support. This study evaluates the application and disposal of CFRPs within the different industries in Kazakhstan. The study adopted a market-based analysis approach to understand the up-to-date levels of application of CFRPs across manufacturing, construction, aviation, and other relevant industries of Kazakhstan. The study also considered CFRP markets and associated recycling practices in neighboring countries such as China and Russia which have a significant impact on Kazakhstan in terms of import and export of materials and waste. The research findings indicate that the application of CFRPs varies among industries, construction being the most prominent, however, their recycling is not as organized as in other waste types such as plastic, metals, etc. Russia and China will be generating thousands of tonnes of CFRP waste originating from the wind turbine and aviation sectors in future, from which Kazakhstan may also see some benefits. The findings of the study are deemed to be useful for the government of Kazakhstan and waste recycling associated stakeholders for future considerations
Isolation, crystal structure, and in silico aromatase inhibition activity of ergosta-5, 22-dien-3 beta-ol from the fungus Gyromitra esculenta
Ergosterol derivatives exhibited copious promising biological activities. The fungus Gyromitra esculenta is widely distributed in Europe and North America. In order to examine the chemical properties of Gyromitra esculenta, a phytochemical study has been preceded and resulted in the isolation of the steroid, ergosta-5, 22-dien-3 beta-ol (brassicasterol), from its methanol extract. The complete identification and absolute configuration of the isolated compound have been established by X-ray structural analysis to be (22E, 24R)-24-methylcholesta-5, 22-dien-3beta-ol. The reported cytotoxicity and the great structural similarity of the isolated compound with the cocrystallized ligand of the aromatase enzyme inspired us to run molecular docking studies against that protein. Ergosta-5, 22-dien-3 beta-ol occupied the target protein with a binding mode almost the same as the cocrystallized ligand and a binding affinity of -33.55 kcal/mol, which was better than that of the cocrystallized ligand (-22.61 kcal/mol). This promising result encouraged us to conduct in silico ADMET and toxicity studies of ergosta-5, 22-dien-3 beta-ol against 6 models, and the results expected the likeness of the isolated compound to be a drug. In conclusion, ergosta-5, 22-dien-3 beta-ol has been isolated from Gyromitra esculenta, identified by X-ray structural analysis, and exhibited promising in silico activities against aromatase enzyme
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