Terapia de solución de problemas

Estimates of the prevalence of psychological difficulties, such as depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life, are high among individuals diagnosed with cancer. Problem-solving therapy (PST), a cognitive and behavioral intervention, is one major approach that has been applied and evaluated as a means of positively impacting on such problems. PST trains individuals in a series of skills that helps them cope more effectively with life stressors, such as those associated with cancer and its treatment. This paper provides a brief overview of the research supporting its efficacy, as well as clinical guidelines.Las estimaciones de la prevalencia de los problemas psicológicos, tales como la depresión, la ansiedad y la mala calidad de vida, son altas entre las personas diagnosticadas con cáncer. La terapia de solución de problemas (PST), una intervención cognitivo-conductual, es uno de los enfoques principales que se ha aplicado y valorado como un medio de impactar positivamente en este tipo de problemas. La PST capacita a las personas en una serie de habilidades que les ayuda a afrontar con mayor eficacia a los estresores vitales, tales como los relacionados con el cáncer y su tratamiento. Este artículo ofrece una breve descripción de la investigación que apoya su eficacia, así como los protocolos clínicos

Problem-solving therapy for cancer patients

Estimates of the prevalence of psychological difficulties, such as depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life, are high among individuals diagnosed with cancer. Problem-solving therapy (PST), a cognitive and behavioral intervention, is one major approach that has been applied and evaluated as a means of positively impacting on such problems. PST trains individuals in a series of skills that helps them cope more effectively with life stressors, such as those associated with cancer and its treatment. This paper provides a brief overview of the research supporting its efficacy, as well as clinical guidelines

An evaluation of the integration of non-traditional learning tools into a community based breast and cervical cancer education program: The witness project of Buffalo

BACKGROUND: Breast and cervical cancer continue to represent major health challenges for African American women. among Caucasian women. The underlying reasons for this disparity are multifactorial and include lack of education and awareness of screening and early detection. Traditional educational methods have enjoyed varied success in the African American community and spawned development of novel educational approaches. Community based education programs employing a variety of educational models have been introduced. Successful programs must train and provide lay community members with the tools necessary to deliver strong educational programs. METHODS: The Witness Project is a theory-based, breast and cervical cancer educational program, delivered by African American women, that stresses the importance of early detection and screening to improve survival and teaches women how to perform breast self examination. Implementing this program in the Buffalo Witness Project of Buffalo required several modifications in the curriculum, integration of non-traditional learning tools and focused training in clinical study participation. The educational approaches utilized included repetition, modeling, building comprehension, reinforcement, hands on learning, a social story on breast health for African American women, and role play conversations about breast and cervical health and support. RESULTS: Incorporating non-traditional educational approaches into the Witness Project training resulted in a 79% improvement in the number of women who mastered the didactic information. A seventy-two percent study participation rate was achieved by educating the community organizations that hosted Witness Project programs about the informed consent process and study participation. CONCLUSION: Incorporating non-traditional educational approaches into community outreach programs increases training success as well as community participation

A tablet computer-assisted motor and language skills training programme to promote communication development in children with autism: development and pilot study

Autism is a heterogenous condition, encompassing many different subtypes and presentations. Of those people with autism who lack communicative speech, some are more skilled at receptive language than their expressive difficulty might suggest. This disparity between what can be spoken and what can be understood correlates with motor and especially oral motor abilities, and thus may be a consequence of limits to oral motor skill. Point OutWords, tablet-based software targeted for this subgroup, builds on autistic perceptual and cognitive strengths to develop manual motor and oral motor skills prerequisite to communication by pointing or speaking. Although typical implementations of user-centred design rely on communicative speech, Point OutWords users were involved as co-creators both directly via their own nonverbal behavioural choices and indirectly via their communication therapists’ reports; resulting features include vectorised, high-contrast graphics, exogenous cues to help capture and maintain attention, customisable reinforcement prompts, and accommodation of open-loop visuomotor control

Caregiver social problem solving and depression in heart failure patients

Deficits in Social Problem Solving (SPS) have been linked to depression in many populations, including college students, cardiac patients, and caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Although research has typically focused on SPS and depressive symptoms within the individual, there is evidence to suggest that deficits in SPS among family caregivers are associated with poorer physical and psychological outcomes in the patients for whom they care. However, to date, no study has examined this relationship while controlling for patients’ own SPS abilities.This study examined the relationship between patient and caregiver SPS and depressive symptoms in families coping with Heart Failure (HF), a condition in which depression is not only common, but is also associated with an increased risk of functional decline and death. It was hypothesized that deficits in caregiver SPS would be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in HF patients, even after controlling for patients’ own SPS abilities. Thirty-two HF patients and their family caregivers completed self-report measures of SPS, functional independence, and depressive symptoms. Results of a Pearson correlation failed to support the hypothesis that caregiver SPS is associated with patient depressive symptoms. However, robust correlations were observed among patient and caregiver SPS abilities. Specifically, caregiver negative problem orientation (NPO) and impulsive/carelessness problemsolving style (ICS) were significantly associated with patient NPO and overall problem-solving deficits. Relationships among other SPS deficits approached statistical significance. These results suggest that additional research is warranted to explore the role of SPS within an emotional system.M.S., Psychology -- Drexel University, 201