THE IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPREAD OF PRIVATE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current status of research and commercial use of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide and to quantify the importance of various policies, particularly intellectual property rights, to the spread of biotechnology research and commercial products. Data collected for this paper show that most of the applied agricultural biotech research is conducted by the private sector of which a substantial portion is by multinational corporations. Econometric analysis of this data finds that plant breeders rights and the ability to patent plants are associated with the spread of applied biotech research.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

An electrical probe of the phonon mean-free path spectrum

Most studies of the mean-free path accumulation function (MFPAF) rely on optical techniques to probe heat transfer at length scales on the order of the phonon mean-free path. In this paper, we propose and implement a purely electrical probe of the MFPAF that relies on photo-lithographically defined heater-thermometer separation to set the length scale. An important advantage of the proposed technique is its insensitivity to the thermal interfacial impedance and its compatibility with a large array of temperature-controlled chambers that lack optical ports. Detailed analysis of the experimental data based on the enhanced Fourier law (EFL) demonstrates that heat-carrying phonons in gallium arsenide have a much wider mean-free path spectrum than originally thought

Granular Activated Carbons from Agricultural By-products: Preparation, Properties, and Application in Cane Sugar Refining (Bulletin #869)

The objectives of this investigation were to convert select Louisiana agricultural by-products to GAC and to characterize these carbons in terms of those physical (surface area, pore structure) and chemical (surface charge, functional groups) properties directly related to adsorption of raw sugar colorants.https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/agcenter_bulletins/1038/thumbnail.jp

Demographics and the Marketing of Asian Ethnic Produce in the Mid-Atlantic States

Marketing,

Ultrasonic Machining as an Aid to Ceramic Etching

Ceramics are difficult to etch. Their chemical inertness makes them very stable and often hot etching techniques are required to obtain their microstructures. This communication reports a technique developed to ease the process of ceramic etching