Ahl al-Sunnah: Conceptual and formal notions of the Islamic identity at the late 19th -20th centuries in the Volga region

© Serials Publications. The relevance of the problem under study is caused by the increased interest the society has in Islam, its history in the Russian Federation, and particularly in the rites and practices. The article considers forming of the conceptual content of the concept of "Ahl al-Sunnah" (People of the Sunnah) and its lay interpretation at the 19th - 20th centuries. The leading approach to studying this problem is an in-depth analysis of the periodicals and publications as a source that conveys the attitude of contemporaries in the most reliable manner. The article identifies the key features of Muslim identity in the Volga-Ural Region, its heterogeneity and the presence of sub-identities that have formal and conceptual features of common people's self-awareness. The development of this type of sources shows that the Muslim identity implied a double interpretation in the intellectual space of ulama (scholars) and in everyday practice of adherents of Islam

Sociolinguistics features of humor in american linguoculture

Humour is one of the most striking characteristics comprising a plurality of marking elements of cognitive-linguistic identity of native speakers of the language, forming the linguistic culture and sociolinguistics selected matrix formation and structuring of the national cognitive and speech patterns which form the "English humour", "French humour", "Italian humour", "Russian humour", etc. In this article we study the characteristics of the language of representation and perception of American humour, its linguistic and cultural features in humorous texts of American comics from the American linguistic culture. The material for research is the humorous texts and fragments of the performances of American comedians of various topics. The relevance of this study is determined by the value worldview expressed in humour, which in its turn is reflected in the American linguistic culture. The results of the study may find application in University lecture courses on stylistics of the English language and text interpretation, General linguistics, special courses on linguistics, text linguistics, and can also be useful in teaching English as a foreign language.Key words: text, research, language, speech, linguistics, speaker, linguoculture, humour, sociolinguistics

Ahl al-Sunnah: Conceptual and formal notions of the Islamic identity at the late 19th -20th centuries in the Volga region

© Serials Publications. The relevance of the problem under study is caused by the increased interest the society has in Islam, its history in the Russian Federation, and particularly in the rites and practices. The article considers forming of the conceptual content of the concept of "Ahl al-Sunnah" (People of the Sunnah) and its lay interpretation at the 19th - 20th centuries. The leading approach to studying this problem is an in-depth analysis of the periodicals and publications as a source that conveys the attitude of contemporaries in the most reliable manner. The article identifies the key features of Muslim identity in the Volga-Ural Region, its heterogeneity and the presence of sub-identities that have formal and conceptual features of common people's self-awareness. The development of this type of sources shows that the Muslim identity implied a double interpretation in the intellectual space of ulama (scholars) and in everyday practice of adherents of Islam

Recommended practices for improving the competitiveness of the Russian education services market under the conditions of the international educational integration

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. To achieve and maintain a level of training for competitive specialists who meet modern requirements first and foremost in professional education it requires ensuring the competitiveness of the Russian education services market. In the article the research and methodological practices are proposed for improving the competitiveness of the Russian education services market under the conditions of international educational integration at the federal (legal and regulatory, organizational and pedagogical, organizational and methodological program), regional (legal and regulatory, organizational and administrative, organizational and methodological, and socially-pedagogical program) and university levels (legal and regulatory, organizational and administrative, socially-pedagogical, learning and teaching, and information-technology program). The proposed recommendations in the article are of practical value for international departments of higher education institutions in order to optimize the processes of Russian universities entering into the international educational space

Development and Validation of a Tokamak Skin Effect Transformer model

A control oriented, lumped parameter model for the tokamak transformer including the slow flux penetration in the plasma (skin effect transformer model) is presented. The model does not require detailed or explicit information about plasma profiles or geometry. Instead, this information is lumped in system variables, parameters and inputs. The model has an exact mathematical structure built from energy and flux conservation theorems, predicting the evolution and non linear interaction of the plasma current and internal inductance as functions of the primary coil currents, plasma resistance, non-inductive current drive and the loop voltage at a specific location inside the plasma (equilibrium loop voltage). Loop voltage profile in the plasma is substituted by a three-point discretization, and ordinary differential equations are used to predict the equilibrium loop voltage as function of the boundary and resistive loop voltages. This provides a model for equilibrium loop voltage evolution, which is reminiscent of the skin effect. The order and parameters of this differential equation are determined empirically using system identification techniques. Fast plasma current modulation experiments with Random Binary Signals (RBS) have been conducted in the TCV tokamak to generate the required data for the analysis. Plasma current was modulated in Ohmic conditions between 200kA and 300kA with 30ms rise time, several times faster than its time constant L/R\approx200ms. The model explains the most salient features of the plasma current transients without requiring detailed or explicit information about resistivity profiles. This proves that lumped parameter modeling approach can be used to predict the time evolution of bulk plasma properties such as plasma inductance or current with reasonable accuracy; at least in Ohmic conditions without external heating and current drive sources

Cryo-EM structure of a helicase loading intermediate containing ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-MCM2-7 bound to DNA

In eukaryotes, the Cdt1-bound replicative helicase core MCM2-7 is loaded onto DNA by the ORC-Cdc6 ATPase to form a prereplicative complex (pre-RC) with an MCM2-7 double hexamer encircling DNA. Using purified components in the presence of ATP-γS, we have captured in vitro an intermediate in pre-RC assembly that contains a complex between the ORC-Cdc6 and Cdt1-MCM2-7 heteroheptamers called the OCCM. Cryo-EM studies of this 14-subunit complex reveal that the two separate heptameric complexes are engaged extensively, with the ORC-Cdc6 N-terminal AAA+ domains latching onto the C-terminal AAA+ motor domains of the MCM2-7 hexamer. The conformation of ORC-Cdc6 undergoes a concerted change into a right-handed spiral with helical symmetry that is identical to that of the DNA double helix. The resulting ORC-Cdc6 helicase loader shows a notable structural similarity to the replication factor C clamp loader, suggesting a conserved mechanism of action