95 research outputs found
Effects of Fermi energy, dot size and leads width on weak localization in chaotic quantum dots
Magnetotransport in chaotic quantum dots at low magnetic fields is
investigated by means of a tight binding Hamiltonian on L x L clusters of the
square lattice. Chaoticity is induced by introducing L bulk vacancies. The
dependence of weak localization on the Fermi energy, dot size and leads width
is investigated in detail and the results compared with those of previous
analyses, in particular with random matrix theory predictions. Our results
indicate that the dependence of the critical flux Phi_c on the square root of
the number of open modes, as predicted by random matrix theory, is obscured by
the strong energy dependence of the proportionality constant. Instead, the size
dependence of the critical flux predicted by Efetov and random matrix theory,
namely, Phi_c ~ sqrt{1/L}, is clearly illustrated by the present results. Our
numerical results do also show that the weak localization term significantly
decreases as the leads width W approaches L. However, calculations for W=L
indicate that the weak localization effect does not disappear as L increases.Comment: RevTeX, 8 postscript figures include
Genetically engineered minipigs model the major clinical features of human neurofibromatosis type 1.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in Neurofibromin 1 (NF1). NF1 patients present with a variety of clinical manifestations and are predisposed to cancer development. Many NF1 animal models have been developed, yet none display the spectrum of disease seen in patients and the translational impact of these models has been limited. We describe a minipig model that exhibits clinical hallmarks of NF1, including café au lait macules, neurofibromas, and optic pathway glioma. Spontaneous loss of heterozygosity is observed in this model, a phenomenon also described in NF1 patients. Oral administration of a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor suppresses Ras signaling. To our knowledge, this model provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the complex biology and natural history of NF1 and could prove indispensable for development of imaging methods, biomarkers, and evaluation of safety and efficacy of NF1-targeted therapies
Ballistic Transport Through Chaotic Cavities: Can Parametric Correlations and the Weak Localization Peak be Described by a Brownian Motion Model?
A Brownian motion model is devised on the manifold of S-matrices, and applied
to the calculation of conductance-conductance correlations and of the weak
localization peak. The model predicts that (i) the correlation function in
has the same shape and width as the weak localization peak; (ii) the functions
behave as , thus excluding a linear line shape; and
(iii) their width increases as the square root of the number of channels in the
leads. Some of these predictions agree with experiment and with other
calculations only in the limit of small and a large number of channels.Comment: 5 pages revtex (twocolumn
How Phase-Breaking Affects Quantum Transport Through Chaotic Cavities
We investigate the effects of phase-breaking events on electronic transport
through ballistic chaotic cavities. We simulate phase-breaking by a fictitious
lead connecting the cavity to a phase-randomizing reservoir and introduce a
statistical description for the total scattering matrix, including the
additional lead. For strong phase-breaking, the average and variance of the
conductance are calculated analytically. Combining these results with those in
the absence of phase-breaking, we propose an interpolation formula, show that
it is an excellent description of random-matrix numerical calculations, and
obtain good agreement with several recent experiments.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, 3 figures: uuencoded tar-compressed postscrip
Signatures of Chaos in the Statistical Distribution of Conductance Peaks in Quantum Dots
Analytical expressions for the width and conductance peak distributions of
irregularly shaped quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime are presented in
the limits of conserved and broken time-reversal symmetry. The results are
obtained using random matrix theory and are valid in general for any number of
non-equivalent and correlated channels, assuming that the underlying classical
dynamic of the electrons in the dot is chaotic or that the dot is weakly
disordered. The results are expressed in terms of the channel correlation
matrix which for chaotic systems is given in closed form for both point-like
contacts and extended leads. We study the dependence of the distributions on
the number of channels and their correlations. The theoretical distributions
are in good agreement with those computed in a dynamical model of a chaotic
billiard.Comment: 19 pages, RevTex, 11 Postscript figure
Parametric Conductance Correlation for Irregularly Shaped Quantum Dots
We propose the autocorrelator of conductance peak heights as a signature of
the underlying chaotic dynamics in quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime.
This correlation function is directly accessible to experiments and its decay
width contains interesting information about the underlying electron dynamics.
Analytical results are derived in the framework of random matrix theory in the
regime of broken time-reversal symmetry. The final expression, upon rescaling,
becomes independent of the details of the system. For the situation when the
external parameter is a variable magnetic field, the system-dependent,
nonuniversal field scaling factor is obtained by a semiclassical approach. The
validity of our findings is confirmed by a comparison with results of an exact
numerical diagonalization of the conformal billiard threaded by a magnetic flux
line.Comment: Minor corrections added to the text and references (36 pages RevTeX
3, epsf, 10 figure
Creation of an NCI comparative brain tumor consortium: informing the translation of new knowledge from canine to human brain tumor patients
On September 14–15, 2015, a meeting of clinicians and investigators in the fields of veterinary and human neuro-oncology, clinical trials, neuropathology, and drug development was convened at the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting served as the inaugural event launching a new consortium focused on improving the knowledge, development of, and access to naturally occurring canine brain cancer, specifically glioma, as a model for human disease. Within the meeting, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) assessment was undertaken to critically evaluate the role that naturally occurring canine brain tumors could have in advancing this aspect of comparative oncology aimed at improving outcomes for dogs and human beings. A summary of this meeting and subsequent discussion are provided to inform the scientific and clinical community of the potential for this initiative. Canine and human comparisons represent an unprecedented opportunity to complement conventional brain tumor research paradigms, addressing a devastating disease for which innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies are clearly needed
Random matrix ensembles with random interactions: Results for EGUE(2)-SU(4)
We introduce in this paper embedded Gaussian unitary ensemble of random
matrices, for fermions in number of single particle orbits,
generated by random two-body interactions that are SU(4) scalar, called
EGUE(2)-SU(4). Here the SU(4) algebra corresponds to Wigner's supermultiplet
SU(4) symmetry in nuclei. Formulation based on Wigner-Racah algebra of the
embedding algebra allows for
analytical treatment of this ensemble and using this analytical formulas are
derived for the covariances in energy centroids and spectral variances. It is
found that these covariances increase in magnitude as we go from EGUE(2) to
EGUE(2)-\cs to EGUE(2)-SU(4) implying that symmetries may be responsible for
chaos in finite interacting quantum systems.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, some formulas in Table 1 corrected, Table 1
changed to Table 1 and 2, Fig. 2 modifie
Robert Nozick on nonhuman animals : rights, value and the meaning of life
In his chapter, Josh Milburn argues that Robert Nozick considers nonhuman animals in his philosophical writings, but that these discussions are downplayed in animal ethics and Nozick scholarship. This is regrettable, Milburn proposes, as Nozick is far more sympathetic to animal rights than many other libertarians. Milburn thus offers an analysis of Nozick’s animal ethics. Nozick’s arguments concerning vegetarianism and speciesism are considered, and Milburn argues that tensions in Nozick’s political philosophy potentially open the door to animal rights. Whatever their place in his political philosophy, Milburn contends, nonhuman animals find a comfortable home in Nozick’s axiology and ethics, with their value and the significance of our duties towards them affirmed. Milburn concludes that animal ethicists could learn from Nozick’s distinctive arguments and approaches and find an unexpected ally
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