RAPID REPORTS Population and social conditions. Pupils and students in the Community in 1990/91. 1993.9

<div><p>It is known that the macronutrient content of a meal has different impacts on the postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal responses. Whether obesity interacts with such nutrient-dependent responses is not well characterized. We examined the postprandial appetite and satiety hormonal responses after a high-protein (HP), high-carbohydrate (HC), or high-fat (HF) mixed meal. This was a randomized cross-over study of 9 lean insulin-sensitive (mean±SEM HOMA-IR 0.83±0.10) and 9 obese insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR 4.34±0.41) young (age 21–40 years), normoglycaemic Chinese men. We measured fasting and postprandial plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), total peptide-YY (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin in response to HP, HF, or HC meals. Overall postprandial plasma insulin response was more robust in the lean compared to obese subjects. The postprandial GLP-1 response after HF or HP meal was higher than HC meal in both lean and obese subjects. In obese subjects, HF meal induced higher response in postprandial PYY compared to HC meal. HP and HF meals also suppressed ghrelin greater compared to HC meal in the obese than lean subjects. In conclusion, a high-protein or high-fat meal induces a more favorable postprandial satiety and appetite hormonal response than a high-carbohydrate meal in obese insulin-resistant subjects.</p></div

Plasma Protein and MicroRNA Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance: A Network-Based Integrative -Omics Analysis

Although insulin resistance (IR) is a key pathophysiologic condition underlying various metabolic disorders, impaired cellular glucose uptake is one of many manifestations of metabolic derangements in the human body. To study the systems-wide molecular changes associated with obesity-dependent IR, we integrated information on plasma proteins and microRNAs in eight obese insulin-resistant (OIR, HOMA-IR &gt; 2.5) and nine lean insulin-sensitive (LIS, HOMA-IR &lt; 1.0) normoglycemic males. Of 374 circulating miRNAs we profiled, 65 species increased and 73 species decreased in the OIR compared to the LIS subjects, suggesting that the overall balance of the miRNA secretome is shifted in the OIR subjects. We also observed that 40 plasma proteins increased and 4 plasma proteins decreased in the OIR subjects compared to the LIS subjects, and most proteins are involved in metabolic and endocytic functions. We used an integrative -omics analysis framework called iOmicsPASS to link differentially regulated miRNAs with their target genes on the TargetScan map and the human protein interactome. Combined with tissue of origin information, the integrative analysis allowed us to nominate obesity-dependent and obesity-independent protein markers, along with potential sites of post-transcriptional regulation by some of the miRNAs. We also observed the changes in each -omics platform that are not linked by the TargetScan map, suggesting that proteins and microRNAs provide orthogonal information for the progression of OIR. In summary, our integrative analysis provides a network of elevated plasma markers of OIR and a global shift of microRNA secretome composition in the blood plasma

Meal rich in carbohydrate, but not protein or fat, reveals adverse immunometabolic responses associated with obesity

10.1186/s12937-016-0219-0+E3E2:E34Nutrition Journal15110

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Metabolic gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells reflects obesity-associated metabolic inflexibility

Primers used for SYBR Green Assay and their properties. (XLSX 11 kb

Incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) over 6 hours for plasma glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin after ingestion of high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF) and high-carbohydrate (HC) meal.

<p>Incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) over 6 hours for plasma glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin after ingestion of high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF) and high-carbohydrate (HC) meal.</p

Baseline anthropometry and fasting plasma biochemistry of study subjects.

<p>Baseline anthropometry and fasting plasma biochemistry of study subjects.</p

Percentage change in plasma ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 over 6-hour after high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF), or high-carbohydrate (HC) meal using linear mixed models.

<p>Percentage change in plasma ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 over 6-hour after high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF), or high-carbohydrate (HC) meal using linear mixed models.</p

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Metabolic gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells reflects obesity-associated metabolic inflexibility

Expression levels of genes involved in the glycolytic pathway, oxidative metabolism, and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in MNC of obese and lean subjects, in the fasting state (* P < 0.05). (PPTX 89 kb