Результаты игловой биопсии плевры в диагностике экссудативных плевритов

Summary. In this study, diagnostic value of pleural needle biopsy has been estimated. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 226 patients with pleural exudates of different etiologies. A high diagnostic sensitivity of this procedure was estimated under the lowest rate of complications. Резюме. Целью исследования являлось определение диагностической ценности игловой биопсии плевры (ИБП) при плевральной патологии. С марта 2006 по январь 2011 г. было выполнено 226 ИБП. Возраст пациентов, среди которых мужчин было 160 (70,8 %), женщин – 66 (29,2 %), варьировался от 18–84 лет. В 39,8 % случаев (у 90 больных) биопсия проводилась по поводу изолированного плеврита, в 60,2 % (у 136) – при плеврите, осложнившем основной процесс в легком или другом экстраторакальном органе. Проведенное исследование показало, что ИБП является высокоинформативным методом диагностики, а его чувствительность при выявлении туберкулезного плеврита составляет 70,2 %

Аденозинзависимая регуляция экспрессии паракринных факторов в моноцитах венозной крови человека

The flow cytometry analysis of human peripheral blood monocytes separated by a two step density gradient centrifugation is reported. The expression of mRNA level of adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in monocytes were determined using real-time PCR. We found considerable variation across individuals in mRNA expression levels of paracrine factors after the stimulation of adenosine receptors. Our findings suggests the role of adenosinergic system accounted for interindividual differences in monocyte activation.Проведено исследование экспрессии поверхностных маркеров: CD1a, CD14, CD209, а также экспрессии мРНКаденозиновых рецепторов типов А1, А2А, А2В и А3, интерлейкина-6 и -8 (ИЛ-6 и ИЛ-8), фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (vascular endothelial growth factor — VEGF) в моноцитах человека. В данных клетках выявлено наличие широкого спектра индивидуальных различий в аденозинзависимой регуляции экспрессии паракринных факторов (ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8 и VEGF)

The problem in estimation of microelements in children

A comment on the article “The levels of bioelements in the saliva and hair of young athletes” by N.A. Troegubova et al

Atherosclerosis: Hypotheses and theories

The article gives basic theories of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including inflammatory, cholesterol, lipid, lipoprotein, iron ones, as a result of metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress. In spite of carefully and deeply developed and ongoing elaborated pathogenesis theories, the etiological factors of atherosclerosis remain unknown so far. The age-related aspect of the disease is discussed; atherosclerosis is considered to be a childhood-onset disease that manifests itself at a later age. The authors propose an experimental and clinical evidence-based concept of the common etiology of syndromes of atherosclerosis, namely: the body's endogenous intoxication that is permanent or periodically progressive may be a primary cause of altered conformation of different protein molecules with their higher ability to adsorb the trace elements consolidating the structural changes. This change of proteins diminishes their functions and determines their antigenic properties, which is attended by the development of different pathogenic components in relation to the body's individual features

Renal and extra-renal risk factors of urolithiasis in children

The data on the content and circadian changes in two calcium regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, as well as on morphological changes in kidney tissue as risk factors for urolithiasis in children with various kinds of concrements in the organs of the urinary system, including bilateral and unilateral nephrolithiasis, concrements of the ureters and the bladder, are presented. Differences were established not only in the quantity, variation in the circadian periodicity of hormones, but also in the ratio of these two hormonesin comparison with the norm. The most pronounced changes were detected with bilateral and unilateral nephrolithiasis

Metabolic nephropathies in children: Causes, clinical and laboratory manifestations

In the regions polluted with industrial or agricultural toxicants, dysmetabolic nephropathy is detected in every 2 or 3 children and this rate increases with age. Exogenous intoxication is not the only cause of dysmetabolic nephropathy; of no less importance are endogenous toxicants, such as oxidative stress products, excess of usual metabolites or emergence of unusual products of abnormal metabolism. The toxicants are ascertained to be able to change the conformation of protein molecules to give rise to additional ligand loci ensuring the aggressive uptake of trace elements that fix changes in protein molecules, making them antigenically alien to the body. Low molecular weight proteins with their changed structure, which penetrate through the basement membrane, are unrecognized by the reabsorption systems of proximal tubules and excreted with urine, determining the appearance of the most steady and age-increasing sign of dysmetabolic nephropathy – microproteinuria or trace elementuria

Specific features of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Lesch—Nyhan syndrome and current therapy options

The rare hereditary diseases encountered in the practice of pediatricians, pediatric neurologists, and geneticists include Lesch—Nyhan syndrome associated with purine metabolic disorders caused by mutations in the HPRT1 gene encoding the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). HGPRT deficiency gives rise to hyperuricemia, hyperuricemic nephropathy, and a CNS lesion reminiscent of dystonic or hyperkinetic infantile cerebral paralysis concurrent with a propensity to have autoaggressive behavior. The diagnosis is based on a range of history data, characteristic neurological symptoms, the detection of high blood and urine uric acid levels, and the identification of pathogenic mutagens in the HPRT1 gene. Early diagnosis contributes to timely therapy and assists in medical genetic counseling. The paper describes a clinical case of a boy with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and elucidates the problems of diagnosis and treatment of this disease

Adenosine-dependent regulation of paracrine factors expression in human venous blood monocytes

The flow cytometry analysis of human peripheral blood monocytes separated by a two step density gradient centrifugation is reported. The expression of mRNA level of adenosine receptor (AdoR) subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in monocytes were determined using real-time PCR. We found considerable variation across individuals in mRNA expression levels of paracrine factors after the stimulation of adenosine receptors. Our findings suggests the role of adenosinergic system accounted for interindividual differences in monocyte activation