Preparation and reactivity of sol-gel titania films on FeCrAl alloys and estimation of adhesion energy of alumina scales

The sol-gel TiO2 coatings were applied in order to improve the rapid transformation of alumina scales formed on the FeCrAl alloys during oxidation at high temperatures. The titanium-containing sol-gel coatings were prepared from the precursor tetra-isopropyl-orthotitanate (TIPT). The preparation conditions such as solvent, concentration and pH were studied. The influence of pH and (solvent/precursor ratio) on gelification time was also studied. The adhesion energy was estimated using the tensile test in the SEM chamber for the samples oxidized in air at 850 and 950 °C for 72 h

Field-based sciences must transform in response to COVID-19

The pandemic will allow us to fundamentally remodel the way field-based sciences are taught, conducted and funded — but only if we stop waiting for a ‘return to normal’.Step 1: Ethical considerations Step 2: Technological solutions Training and students Step 3: Institutional and funding agency change