Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Wewenang Kepala Desa Karya Indah Kecamatan Tapung Kabupaten Kampar

The village is the unity of the legal community who have boundaries that limit the authority to regulate and manage the interests of the local community. Based on the origin and local customs are recognized and respected in the governance system of the Republic of Indonesia. The village head position as head of government in the village of village chief has the duty and authority to carry out most of the affairs of the village households to the village chief must melaksananakan its duties and powers by either a way to involve all communities in all activities. This aims to determine the effectiveness of the execution of tasks and authority of the village chief and the factors that affect the execution of tasks and authority of the Head of the Village District of Tapung Beautiful work Kampar district. The theory used in this study is the theory put forward by Winardi effectiveness, effectiveness of Implementation, as well as the duties and authority of the chief. This study uses qualitative research methods to study descriptive data. In collecting the data, the researchers used a technique of observation, indepth interviews, documentation, and literature study. By using key informants as a source of information. The results of a descriptive qualitative data analysis found that the effectiveness of the execution of tasks and authority of the Head of the Village Beautiful work had not been effective. It can be seen from not achieving the objectives and the expected rate of change in the program. In this research note the factors that influence the effectiveness of the execution of tasks and authority of the Head of the Village Beautiful work, among others, a lack of human resources, abilities and skills as well as the village chief factor derived from the public

Genome-wide association mapping for component traits of drought tolerance in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Understanding the genetic basis of traits of economic importance under drought stressed and well-watered conditions is important in enhancing genetic gains in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This research aims to: (i) identify markers associated with agronomic and physiological traits for drought tolerance and (ii) identify drought-related putative candidate genes within the mapped genomic regions. An andean and middle-american diversity panel (AMDP) comprising of 185 genotypes was screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions for two successive seasons. Agronomic and physiological traits, viz., days to 50% flowering (DFW), plant height (PH), days to physiological maturity (DPM), grain yield (GYD), 100-seed weight (SW), leaf temperature (LT), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and stomatal conductance (SC) were phenotyped. Principal component and association analysis were conducted using the filtered 9370 Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArTseq) markers. The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions. Population structure analysis revealed two sub-populations, which corresponded to the andean and middle-american gene pools. Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions. For well-watered conditions, R2 varied from 0.08 (LT) to 0.70 (DPM). Overall, 68 significant (p < 10-03) marker-trait associations (MTAs) and 22 putative candidate genes were identified across drought stressed and well-watered conditions. Most of the identified genes had known biological functions related to regulating the response to drought stress. The findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of drought stress tolerance in common bean. The findings also provide potential candidate SNPs and putative genes that can be utilized in gene discovery and marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance after validation.Bruce Mutari, Julia Sibiya, Admire Shayanowako, Charity Chidzanga, Prince M. Matova, Edmore Gasur

Geological effects on water quality: a review of issues and challenges in Malaysia

Malaysian source of water for household and industrial use is derived mainly from surface sources. The increasing demand for quality water for household consumption and industrial use has posed a great challenge to the otherwise abundant but scarce natural resources. This paper examines the important challenges associated with the deteriorating water quality in Peninsular Malaysia. Quality water enhances one’s good health. Therefore, evaluating health risk as a result of heavy metals introduction through drinking water from various geological activities like the ex-mining ponds in Klang Valley is worthy to note. Heavy metals which are one of the sources of contaminants, due to their solubility are transported from their source (mining, agricultural, and industrial) to groundwater. There is a linkage between land-use change (activities) such as logging, agriculture, urbanization, mining, and industrial activities as a potential source of contaminants, this is further conflated by the hydrogeology of the areas which show a shallow aquifer system predominantly associated with alluvial and carbonate. Also, microbial contamination had affected water sources. Given that more of the aquifer systems in Peninsular Malaysia are shallow, this makes it very easy for groundwater sources around Malaysia to be contaminated. The industrialisation and urbanisation in Malaysia, as well as the growing population, posed a great challenge to water quality. This paper highlights the key challenges and possible solutions to water quality management in Malaysia