Simple quantum cosmology: Vacuum energy and initial state

A static non-singular 10-dimensional closed Friedmann universe of Planck size, filled with a perfect fluid with an equation of state with w = -2/3, can arise spontaneously by a quantum fluctuation from nothing in 11-dimensional spacetime. A quantum transition from this state can initiate the inflationary quantum cosmology outlined in Ref. 2 [General Relativity and Gravitation 33, 1415, 2001 - gr-qc/0103021]. With no fine-tuning, that cosmology predicts about 60 e-folds of inflation and a vacuum energy density depending only on the number of extra space dimensions (seven), G, h, c and the ratio between the strength of gravity and the strength of the strong force. The fraction of the total energy in the universe represented by this vacuum energy depends on the Hubble constant. Hubble constant estimates from WMAP, SDSS, the Hubble Key Project and Sunyaev-Zeldovich and X-ray flux measurements range from 60 to 72 km/(Mpc sec). With a mid-range Hubble constant of 65 km/(Mpc sec), the model in Ref. 2 predicts Omega-sub-Lambda = 0.7Comment: To be published in General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 37, May 2005. 5 pages, no figure

A simple quantum cosmology

A simple and surprisingly realistic model of the origin of the universe can be developed using the Friedmann equation from general relativity, elementary quantum mechanics, and the experimental values of h, c, G and the proton mass. The model assumes there are N space dimensions (with N > 6) and the potential constraining the radius r of the invisible N -3 compact dimensions varies as r^4. In this model, the universe has zero total energy and is created from nothing. There is no initial singularity. If space-time is eleven dimensional, as required by M theory, the scalar field corresponding to the size of the compact dimensions inflates the universe by about 26 orders of magnitude (60 e-folds). If the Hubble constant is 65 km/sec Mpc, the energy density of the scalar field after inflation results in Omega-sub-Lambda = 0.68, in agreement with recent astrophysical observations.Comment: To be published in General Relativity and Gravitation, August 200

PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN TERHADAP PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT PADA SISWA SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA–B (SLB-B) DAMAI GMIM TOMOHON

Pelaksanaan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat di Sekolah Luar Biasa masih tertinggal jauh dibandingkan dengan sekolah-sekolah reguler. Masih banyak SLB yang belum menerapkan PHBS kepada warga sekolahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan mencuci tangan, personal hygiene, membuang sampah dan membersihkan toilet pada siswa. Dengan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan one-group pretest-postest. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari-Februari 2023. Responden sebanyak 48. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu tindakan mencuci tangan dengan sabun, personal hygiene, membuang sampah dan membersihkan toilet. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu promosi kesehatan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara univariat. Uji pengaruh menggunakan uji statistik nonparametrik yaitu Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan uji statistik diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan mencuci tangan responden. Pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan personal hygiene responden diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan personal hygiene responden. Pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan membuang sampah responden diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan membuang sampah responden. Pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan membersihkan toilet responden diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap tindakan membersihkan toilet responden. Perlu dilakukan upaya promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan secara berkala sehingga tercipta PHBS dari siswa yang lebih baik

Hitung Jenis Leukosit Pada Pasien Anak Dengan Infeksi Virus Dengue Di Manado

: Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. The decreasing leukocytes can be found between the third and eighth day with normal differential telling. The number of granulocytes decreases on the third until the eighth day. This study used a cross-sectional design. esearch. Samples were children with dengue virus infection at Wolter Mongisidi Hospital, Advent Hospital, and Pancaran Kasih Hospital in Manado from December 2014 until January 2015. There were 36 children as samples. The results showed that 48.6% of samples had increases of basophils, 54% had decreases of eosinophils, 64.8% had decreases of neutrophils, 54% had increases of lymphocytes, and 59.4% had increases of monocytes. Conclusion: In this study, most of the children with dengue viral infection had decreased number of neutrophil

Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose Level and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Screening with Gestational Diabetes: Profil Lipid, Gula Darah dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) pada Kehamilan Trimester II: Skrining Kejadian Kehamilan dengan Diabetes Melitus

Abstract Objective: To find out lipid profile data, blood sugar and Body Mass Index in trimester II pregnancy to the incidence of pregnancy with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study. The number of samples obtained was 42 samples where all were taken in the second trimester. Samples taken from RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado and networking hospitals around Manado that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patient patients were explained about the research procedure and the signing of consent information. Blood samples were taken for examination of blood sugar (fasting blood sugar and 2 hours post-prandial blood sugar) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides). After the data is collected, it is included in the SPSS version 22.0 program for data analysis. Results: Found 2 subjects (4.76%) who had abnormal fasting blood sugar and found 4 subjects (9.53%) who had abnormal 2-prandial 2-hour blood sugar. For lipid profiles, it was found 16 subjects (38.1%) who had abnormal total cholesterol levels, for LDL there were 13 subjects (30.96%) who had abnormal levels, for HDL there were 4 subjects (11.9%) who had abnormal levels and for triglycerides there were 23 subjects (54.76%) who had abnormal levels. There was a significant negative correlation between LDL cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (p = 0.002; r = - 0.455), and so did total cholesterol with fasting blood sugar (p = 0.047; r = - 0.302). There was a significant correlation between BMI and total cholesterol (p = 0.013; r = 0.371). There was 1 subject (2.38%) diagnosed with gestational diabetes melt and fasting blood sugar at 190 mg / dL, for prandial 2 hours post blood sugar at 309 mg / dL and for triglycerides at 617 mg / dL. Conclusions: Based on this study found the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus 2.38% of all trimester II pregnancies. There is a positive but not significant correlation between blood sugar and triglycerides, whereas there is no significant relationship between blood sugar and other lipid profiles. There is a positive but not significant correlation of BMI in trimester pregnancy with total cholesterol. Keywords: Blood sugar, Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile Abstrak Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui data profil lipid, gula darah dan Indeks Massa Tubuh pada kehamilan trimester II terhadap kejadian kehamilan dengan diabetes melitus. Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang. Jumlah sampel yang didapatkan sebesar 42 sampel di mana seluruhnya diambil pada trimester II. Sampel diambil dari RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan rumah sakit jejaring sekitar Manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Semua pasien-pasien dijelaskan mengenai prosedur penelitian dan penandatanganan inform consent baru dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan gula darah (gula darah puasa dan gula darah 2 jam postprandial) dan profil lipid (Kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, Trigliserida). Setelah data dikumpulkan, maka dimasukkan ke dalam program SPSS versi 22.0 untuk data analisis. Hasil: Ditemukan 2 subjek (4,76%) yang memiliki gula darah puasa abnormal dan ditemukan 4 subjek (9.,53%) yang memiliki gula darah 2 jam postprandial yang abnormal. Untuk profil lipid, ditemukan 16 subjek (38,1%) yang memiliki kadar kolesterol total abnormal, untuk LDL ditemukan sebanyak 13 subjek (30,96%) yang memiliki kadar abnormal, untuk HDL ditemukan 4 subjek (11,9%) yang memiliki kadar abnormal dan untuk trigliserida ditemukan 23 subjek (54,76%) yang memiliki kadar abnormal. Terdapat korelasi negatif signifikan antara kolesterol LDL dengan gula darah puasa (p = 0,002 ; r = – 0,455), dan begitu juga dengan kolestrol total terhadap gula darah puasa (p = 0,047 ; r = – 0,302). Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara IMT dengan kolesterol total (p = 0,013 ;r = 0,371). Terdapat 1 subjek (2,38%) yang terdiagnosis diabetes melitus gestasional di mana gula darah puasa sebesar 190 mg/dL, untuk gula darah 2 jam postprandial sebesar 309 mg/dL dan untuk trigliserida sebesar 617 mg/dL. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian ini ditemukan kejadian diabetes melitus gestasional 2,38% dari seluruh kehamilan trimester II. Terdapat korelasi positif tetapi tidak bermakna antara gula darah dengan trigliserida, sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gula darah dengan profil lipid lainnya. Terdapat korelasi positif tetapi tidak bermakna IMT pada kehamilan trimester dengan kolestrol total. Kata kunci: gula darah, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), profil lipi

Hubungan Antara Lama Penggunaan Aspirin Dengan Nilai Agregasi Trombosit Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: The sufferer of hypertension around the world do not get medical treatment adequately. One of the hypertensive treatments is by the use of anti platelet hypertension aspirin. Aspirin on hypertension is to prevent any clinical manifestation from cardiovascular from happening. However, it could cause arterial wall hardening and decreases haemostasis ability. Test of red blood cell aggregation function is needed to monitor red blood cell function on hypertensive patient. Method: This study was analytical and employed cross sectional research design. The sample of the study were the sufferers of hypertensionfromaspirin USAge treated in polyclinic of nephrology – hypertension and heart and cardiac polyclinic of internal diseasedivision in RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Patients included in inclusion criteria were 40 to 80 years old, proven to have hypertension by doctor, hypertension by aspirin USAge, maleand female, and signed in informed consent. Result: There were 20 patients of hypertension by aspirin USAge employed as sample in this study. Result of T test and spearman\u27s correlation test showed that there is no significant correlation between aspirin USAge and the number of red blood cells\u27 aggregation (ADP 10µm p = 0,116, ADP 5µm p = 0,9). Conclusion: On hypertensive patients, there is no correlation between the period of aspirin USAge and red blood cells\u27 aggregation

Gambaran Kadar Serum Magnesium Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 Non Dialisis Di Manado

: Magnesium is a metal, one of the eight most abundant element in universe. Magnesium also is a mineral that responsible for bone metabolism control, neural transmission, cardiac excitability, neuromuscular conduction, muscular contraction, vasomotor, and blood pressure. In chronic kidney disease stage 4-5, compensation mechanism become inadequate that caused a hypermagnesemia. Objectives: This study aimed to know the picture of magnesium serum in non dialysis CKD stage 5 in Manado. Material Methods: This is a descriptive study, conducted by selecting 35 blood samples in Nephrology-Hypertension Polyclinic and IRINA of Interna of Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Hospital and Teling Adventist Hospital. Result: There are 16 samples (45.7%) experience hypomagnesemia consisted of 8 home-care patient (22.9%) and 8 hospital-care patient (22.9%), 10 samples (28.6%) are in normal range consisted of 3 home-care patient (8.6%) and 7 hospital-care patient (20.0%), and 9 samples (25.7%) are experience hypermagnesemia consisted of 6 home-care patient (17.1%) and 3 hospital-care patient (8.6%) from total non dialysis CKD stage 5 samples result from laboratory examination. Conclusion: Patient with hypomagnesemia most frekuent than patient with hypermagnesemia

Germ Patterns and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pregnancy and Labor with Risk of Infections : Pola Kuman dan Sensitivitas Antibiotik pada Kehamilan dan Persalinan dengan Faktor Risiko Infeksi

Objective: To determine the pattern of germs and antibiotic susceptibility tests in pregnant women related to risk factors for infection in preterm PROM cases, the threat of preterm labor, pathological fluor albus, and prolonged labor in Manado city. Method: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 21 samples were obtained, consisting of six preterm PROM cases, five premature contraction cases, five pathological fluor albus cases, and five prolonged labor cases. The study was conducted in Kandou General Hospital and Affiliated Hospitals, Manado. All patients were informed about the study and signed informed consent. Germ pattern and antibiotics susceptibility data were analyzed. Results: Of 21 samples, the detected microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus (12), Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (2), mixed microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus + Candida sp, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus + Candida sp), Bacillus sp and Candida sp. The susceptible and safe antibiotics for pregnancy were Ampicillin / Sulbactam and Meropenem. The resistant antibiotics were Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, and Neomycin. Conclusion: The most common type of bacteria found in pregnant women and women in labor was Staphylococcus aureus. Susceptible and safe antibiotics for pregnancy were Ampicillin / Sulbactam and Meropenem. Keywords: antibiotic sensitivity test, germ pattern, pregnancy and labor infection.   Abstrak Tujuan: Mengetahui pola kuman dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik pada perempuan hamil terkait faktor risiko infeksi pada kasus KPD preterm, ancaman partus prematurus, fluor albus patologis dan partus lama di kota Manado. Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif potong lintang. Jumlah sampel yang didapatkan sebesar 21 sampel di mana terbagi pada masing-masing kasus KPD preterm 6 sampel, ancaman partus prematurus 5 sampel, fluor albus patologis 5 sampel dan partus lama 5 sampel. Sampel diambil dari RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan Rumah Sakit Jejaring di kota Manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Semua pasien dijelaskan mengenai prosedur penelitian dan penandatanganan inform consent baru dilakukan pengambilan sampel. Data dianalisis dengan cara deskriptif tentang pola kuman dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik pada kehamilan dan persalinan dengan faktor risiko infeksi. Hasil: Dari 21 sampel, sebaran jenis mikroorganisme diantaranya Staphylococcus areus (12), Staphylococcus non koagulase (2), mikroorganisme campuran (Staphylococcus aureus + Candida sp, Staphylococcus non koagulase + Candida sp), Bacilus sp dan Candida sp. Hasil uji sensitivitas antibiotik yang sensitif dan aman untuk kehamilan di antaranya Ampicillin/Sulbactam dan Meropenem. Hasil uji sensitivitas antibiotik yang resisten adalah Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline dan Neomycin. Kesimpulan: Jenis mikroorganisme paling banyak adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil uji sensitivitas antibiotik yang sensitif dan aman untuk kehamilan di antaranya Ampicillin/Sulbactam dan Meropenem. Kata kunci: infeksi kehamilan dan persalinan, pola kuman, uji Sensitivitas antibioti

Perbandingan Nilai Agregasi Trombosit Pada Pasien Hipertensi Yang Diberi Aspirin Dan Tidak Diberi Aspirin Di Rsup. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Thrombocyte hyperaggregation occurs in hypertensive patients. Thrombocyte accumulates and thrombi formation caused by hyperaggregation are important factors in pathogenesis of cardiovaskular and cerebrovascular disease. Around 50 million people consume aspirin everyday to treat or to prevent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. The use of aspirin known can increase bleeding risk especially when trauma occurs or intraoperative, but inhypertensive patients50 or over 50 years old, the benefit of aspirin can be greater then the bleeding risk it carries. Method: This study used comparative study, which compared thrombocyte aggregation value in hypertensive patients with aspirin and without aspirin. The tools that used for thrombocyte aggregation examination is an aggregometer and the data analysis is done by using SPSS software. Result: The difference value of thrombocyte aggregation in hypertensive patients with aspirin and without aspirin used T 2 independent samples test gave significant for ADP 10 µM and 5 µM(p <0.05), respectively 0.001 and 0.01. Conclusion: There is a difference between thrombocyte aggregation value in hypertensive patients with aspirin and without aspirin. Mean value ofthrombocyte aggregation in hypertensive patients with aspirin is lower than hypertensive patients without aspirin