Strategi Pengelolaan Obyek Wisata Taman Margasatwa Semarang

Semarang City is one tourist destination in Central Java Province, which has the potential to invite many tourists to visit. One of the attractions of interest to tourists visited Semarang is Wildlife Areas (TMS). Wildlife Areas Semarang is one place in the city of Semarang tourism and wildlife conservation that combines the concept of education (learning about animals and life). The function and role of the park\u27s wildlife is in the field of education, namely as a means of science and technology education. As well as a place for family entertainment that educates various groups. However, in the management of Wildlife Areas are still not optimal, it is shown by the low interest of tourists to visit the Wildlife Areas Semarang. The purpose of the study to describe the condition of the internal and external conditions faced by Wildlife Areas Semarang, and analyze the strategies that should be prioritized in tourism management Wildlife Areas Semarang. The results showed that the management of a tourist attraction Wildlife Areas Semarang not optimal. The cause of non-optimal management can be seen from the internal and external factors of wildlife Semarang areas covering of the lack of means of infrastructures, the quality of human resources, lack of budget and lack of tourism awareness groups. It is recommended to do for tourism management strategies Wildlife Areas Semarang, such as : Supervision of Culture and Tourism Semarang more comprehensive, attractive existence promo for visitors, Conducting coaching and persuasive approach to the community about the environment in order to grow the attitude attraction of tourism awareness and Improving the quality and quantity of human resources

Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Stasiun Tawang Kota Semarang

Air has a very important function, the required control efforts on the sources of air pollutants is cigarette one. Follow-up of the impact of smoking on human health and the environment, so Semarang goverment made the Semarang Mayor Regulation No. 12 Year 2009 about the No Smoking Area and the Limited Smoking Area in Semarang city. This research in order to described how to apply the no smoking area program in Tawang station, Semarang city and the factors that hampered the no smoking area policy in the public facilities especially in the Tawang Station. This research used the phenomenon approacment, it is trying for understand event and interaction on the specific situation. This approach required the assumptions that different with the way which is used for doing approach about the human attitude that purpose finding fact and cause. There are locus and fokus of this research is Tawang station as the sequential area that apply the no smoking area. The results showed that the implementation of the policy of No Smoking Area has been successful but still less than optimal due to the constraints in terms of communication, responsiveness and coordination among agencies, the lack of influence of the government, the provision of facilities and infrastructure, lack of policy ineffectiveness transformation that occurred, the amount of influence the company\u27s continue to promote the product, there isn\u27t the policy strategy, and low support of legalization for the policy violation. Suggestions submitted from this research is the government should improve the communication, responsiveness and coordination among agencies, the need for evaluation of operational policies by forming a special team, affirmed sanctions against violations of the policy, the need for community empowerment

Electronic Structure of Copper Phthalocyanine: a Comparative Density Functional Theory Study

We present a systematic density functional theory study of the electronic structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), using several different (semi)-local and hybrid functionals, and compare the results to experimental photoemission data. We show that semi-local functionals fail qualitatively for CuPc, primarily because of under-binding of localized orbitals due to self-interaction errors. We discuss an appropriate choice of functional for studies of CuPc/metal interfaces and suggest the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional as a suitable compromise functional.Comment: 18 pages, 4 Figure, 1 Tabl

Hemodynamic and thrombogenic analysis of a trileaflet polymeric valve using a fluid-structure interaction approach

Surgical valve replacement in patients with severe calcific aortic valve disease using either bioprosthetic or mechanical heart valves is still limited by structural valve deterioration for the former and thrombosis risk mandating anticoagulant therapy for the latter. Prosthetic polymeric heart valves have the potential to overcome the inherent material and design limitations of these valves, but their development is still ongoing. The aim of this study was to characterize the hemodynamics and thrombogenic potential of the Polynova polymeric trileaflet valve prototype using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach. The FSI model replicated experimental conditions of the valve as tested in a left heart simulator. Hemodynamic parameters (transvalvular pressure gradient, flow rate, maximum velocity, and effective orifice area) were compared to assess the validity of the FSI model. The thrombogenic footprint of the polymeric valve was evaluated using a Lagrangian approach to calculate the stress accumulation (SA) values along multiple platelet trajectories and their statistical distribution. In the commissural regions, platelets were exposed to the highest SA values because of highest stress levels combined with local reverse flow patterns and vortices. Stress-loading waveforms from representative trajectories in regions of interest were emulated in our Hemodynamic Shearing Device (HSD). Platelet activity was measured using our platelet activation state (PAS) assay and the results confirmed the higher thrombogenic potential of the commissural hotspots. In conclusion, the proposed method provides an in depth analysis of the hemodynamic and thrombogenic performance of the polymer valve prototype and identifies locations for further design optimization

A novel architecture for all-optical add-drop multiplexing of OFDM signals

We propose a novel architecture for all-optical add-drop multiplexing of OFDM signals. Extensive numerical simulations have been carried out to benchmark the performance of the architecture against critical design parameters

Adenoidectomy for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children

BACKGROUND: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear cavity, common amongst young children. The fluid may cause hearing loss. When persistent, it may lead to developmental delay, social difficulty and poor quality of life. Management of OME includes watchful waiting, autoinflation, medical and surgical treatment. Adenoidectomy has often been used as a potential treatment for this condition. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of adenoidectomy, either alone or in combination with ventilation tubes (grommets), for OME in children. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the Cochrane ENT Register; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 20 January 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials in children aged 6 months to 12 years with unilateral or bilateral OME. We included studies that compared adenoidectomy (alone, or in combination with ventilation tubes) with either no treatment or non-surgical treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Primary outcomes (determined following a multi-stakeholder prioritisation exercise): 1) hearing, 2) otitis media-specific quality of life, 3) haemorrhage. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: 1) persistence of OME, 2) adverse effects, 3) receptive language skills, 4) speech development, 5) cognitive development, 6) psychosocial skills, 7) listening skills, 8) generic health-related quality of life, 9) parental stress, 10) vestibular function, 11) episodes of acute otitis media. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. Although we included all measures of hearing assessment, the proportion of children who returned to normal hearing was our preferred method to assess hearing, due to challenges in interpreting the results of mean hearing thresholds. MAIN RESULTS: We included 10 studies (1785 children). Many of the studies used concomitant interventions for all participants, including insertion of ventilation tubes or myringotomy. All included studies had at least some concerns regarding the risk of bias. We report results for our main outcome measures at the longest available follow-up. We did not identify any data on disease-specific quality of life for any of the comparisons. Further details of additional outcomes and time points are reported in the review. 1) Adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) versus no treatment/watchful waiting (three studies) After 12 months there was little difference in the proportion of children whose hearing had returned to normal, but the evidence was very uncertain (adenoidectomy 68%, no treatment 70%; risk ratio (RR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 1.46; number needed to treat to benefit (NNTB) 50; 1 study, 42 participants). There is a risk of haemorrhage from adenoidectomy, but the absolute risk appears small (1/251 receiving adenoidectomy compared to 0/229, Peto odds ratio (OR) 6.77, 95% CI 0.13 to 342.54; 1 study, 480 participants; moderate certainty evidence). The risk of persistent OME may be slightly lower after two years in those receiving adenoidectomy (65% versus 73%), but again the difference was small (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00; NNTB 13; 3 studies, 354 participants; very low-certainty evidence). 2) Adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) versus non-surgical treatment No studies were identified for this comparison. 3) Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes versus bilateral ventilation tubes (four studies) There was a slight increase in the proportion of ears with a return to normal hearing after six to nine months (57% adenoidectomy versus 42% without, RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.89; NNTB 7; 1 study, 127 participants (213 ears); very low-certainty evidence). Adenoidectomy may give an increased risk of haemorrhage, but the absolute risk appears small, and the evidence was uncertain (2/416 with adenoidectomy compared to 0/375 in the control group, Peto OR 6.68, 95% CI 0.42 to 107.18; 2 studies, 791 participants). The risk of persistent OME was similar for both groups (82% adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes compared to 85% ventilation tubes alone, RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.07; very low-certainty evidence). 4) Adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube versus unilateral ventilation tube (two studies) Slightly more children returned to normal hearing after adenoidectomy, but the confidence intervals were wide (57% versus 46%, RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.96; NNTB 9; 1 study, 72 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Fewer children may have persistent OME after 12 months, but again the confidence intervals were wide (27.2% compared to 40.5%, RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.29; NNTB 8; 1 study, 74 participants). We did not identify any data on haemorrhage. 5) Adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes versus no treatment/watchful waiting (two studies) We did not identify data on the proportion of children who returned to normal hearing. However, after two years, the mean difference in hearing threshold for those allocated to adenoidectomy was -3.40 dB (95% CI -5.54 to -1.26; 1 study, 211 participants; very low-certainty evidence). There may be a small reduction in the proportion of children with persistent OME after two years, but the evidence was very uncertain (82% compared to 90%, RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.01; NNTB 13; 1 study, 232 participants). We noted that many children in the watchful waiting group had also received surgery by this time point. 6) Adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes versus non-surgical treatment No studies were identified for this comparison. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: When assessed with the GRADE approach, the evidence for adenoidectomy in children with OME is very uncertain. Adenoidectomy may reduce the persistence of OME, although evidence about the effect of this on hearing is unclear. For patients and carers, a return to normal hearing is likely to be important, but few studies measured this outcome. We did not identify any evidence on disease-specific quality of life. There were few data on adverse effects, in particular postoperative bleeding. The risk of haemorrhage appears to be small, but should be considered when choosing a treatment strategy for children with OME. Future studies should aim to determine which children are most likely to benefit from treatment, rather than offering interventions to all children

Adaptive response and enlargement of dynamic range

Many membrane channels and receptors exhibit adaptive, or desensitized, response to a strong sustained input stimulus, often supported by protein activity-dependent inactivation. Adaptive response is thought to be related to various cellular functions such as homeostasis and enlargement of dynamic range by background compensation. Here we study the quantitative relation between adaptive response and background compensation within a modeling framework. We show that any particular type of adaptive response is neither sufficient nor necessary for adaptive enlargement of dynamic range. In particular a precise adaptive response, where system activity is maintained at a constant level at steady state, does not ensure a large dynamic range neither in input signal nor in system output. A general mechanism for input dynamic range enlargement can come about from the activity-dependent modulation of protein responsiveness by multiple biochemical modification, regardless of the type of adaptive response it induces. Therefore hierarchical biochemical processes such as methylation and phosphorylation are natural candidates to induce this property in signaling systems.Comment: Corrected typos, minor text revision