Random Utility Models of Recreational Fishing: Catching Fish Using a Poisson Process

This paper presents a Poisson model of expected angler catch during a sportfishing trip and employs the expected catch in a random utility model of site choice. The approach permits greater heterogeneity in expected catch and in individual welfare estimates from policies such as creel limits.sportfishing, creel limits, expected catch, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Opening The Preschoolers\u27 Door To Learning : An Ethnographic Study Of The Use Of Public Libraries By Preschool Girls

This ethnographic field study gathered evidence about the use of public libraries by preschool girls. Thirty girls within three months of their fourth birthdays were tape-recorded and observed during one of their usual visits to their local public libraries with their mothers. During the week following the visits, mothers maintained diaries where they reported incidents involving their daughters\u27 use of library materials and other library-related activities. Follow-up interviews were conducted with mothers to verify and find out more about the behaviour observed during the library visits and reported in the diaries. Visit, diary and interview transcripts and field notes were analyzed and coded for general themes. Vygotsky\u27s developmental theory provided a conceptual framework for the analysis of the context in which learning opportunities arose through the use of library services and materials.;During their library visits, the children participated in activities such as: return and check out of library materials; selection of library materials, including catalogue searches, reader\u27s advisory and reference activities; use of library materials, including shared reading and independent perusal; play; social interaction with others; and library programs. In the week following their library visits the children did the following: talked about libraries; made one or more additional library visits; played library; used the library materials they had borrowed for shared reading, independent perusal, and for sources of the content of their play and topics of conversation with others. Both at the library and at home, the library collections, especially stories, were the focus of most activities observed in the study.;The use of library services and collections provided many learning opportunities, particularly for learning how libraries work and for acquiring emergent literacy skills. Mothers acted as key players in their daughters\u27 use of public libraries, scaffolding their learning within Vygotsky\u27s zone of proximal development.;The results of this research indicate that public libraries can make an important contribution to the development of reading in young children through the provision of materials. Recommendations are made for improving services to support this learning, more effectively

Geometry and Deformation History of Mylonitic Rocks and Silicified Zones Along the Mesozoic Connecticut Valley Border Fault, Western Massachusetts

The Connecticut Valley border fault is a major, probably listric, west-dipping normal fault, that uplifted Precambrian to Devonian schists and gneisses of the Pelham Dome on the east, and formed a lowland to the west where Triassic and Jurassic sediments accumulated. It extends from northwestern New Hampshire south to Long Island Sound. Five kilometers of vertical displacement, and dips of 20 to 40 degrees have been estimated for central Massachusetts. Mylonitic and silicified rocks were examined from the Village of Millers Falls, in north-central Massachusetts, south to Belchertown, in central Massachusetts. Silicified rocks occur on the footwall of the fault in seven locations, and mylonitic rocks were studied in one location. Mylonitic rocks involve protomylonite with small areas of rock that have characteristics of orthomylonite and ultramylonite. This indicates that some rocks were affected ally by the faulting process at depth in a ductile environment with heterogeneous strain rates. S - C fabrics (schistosite-cisaillement) within the mylonites indicate a west-side-down motion direction, supporting the usual observation that the border fault is a normal fault. The mylonites were cut by a cataclastic intrusion breccia which was subsequently mylonitized, developing an S-C fabric Similar to that in the host mylonite rock. Mylonites are indicative of low strain rates in a ductile regime, while cataclasites indicate higher strain rates. This suggests that the fault surface was not a smooth plane, but had irregularities that temporarily changed the strain rates imposed on the rocks. Conditions nearer to the surfaces involved a brittle extensional environment where volumes of rock borderin the fault in the footwall were brecciated. The mylonites also were uplifted into the brittle regime. Joints, veins and minor normal faults were developed within the mylonites, cutting previous ductile features. Silicification occurred in the brecciated rock masses where hydrothermal fluids circulated through the fractured volumes of rock replacing primary metamorphic and igneous minerals with new minerals, primarily quartz. Several groups of joints and veins within the silicified rocks have north-south strikes similar to the trend of the border fault in many areas. One style of joint strikes northeast to northwest, dips west, has a platy character, and appears to mimic the local fault plane orientation. Fluids that initially silicified the breccia masses also produced the quartz, and later, hematite veins in at least two subsequent hydrothermal pulses. Combined joint data show no conclusive evidence as to whether joint development and orientation was controlled by the geometry of the border fault, or by regional stresses. Combined vein data, however, show strong evidence that vein orientation was controlled by a regional stress field and not directly by border fault geometry. A mean strike for the veins of N15E suggests an extensional stress of N75W-S75E for the region at the time of vein formation. Extensional stresses of N60W-S60E and N68W-S68E have been estimated in previous studies for the Northfield basin and Amherst areas during the early Mesozoic. Vein formation was later and suggests that the regional stress field rotated counterclockwise over time