Membrane fluidity and temperature sensing are coupled via circuitry comprised of Ole1, Rsp5, and Hsf1 in Candida albicans

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Surviving the heat of the moment : a fungal pathogens perspective

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Narrative Architecture

Architecture reveals narrative through the facilitation of sequence and the expression of ritual. Ritual is based on archetypal actions

Density and Occupancy of Mammals Along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Northwest Arkansas

Human development is a rapidly expanding phenomenon impacting wildlife communities globally. As the human footprint expands, natural greenspace and nature reserves become fragmented and isolated. Wildlife species and communities respond to these changes in different ways. Urban exploiters persist in more urban areas and are able to take advantage of anthropogenic subsidies (food, shelter, etc). Urban avoiders, however, are species that may be pushed out of developed areas or occur in lower densities relative to undisturbed areas. Northwest Arkansas is an optimal location to study the impacts of urbanization on wildlife communities, as the current human population is expected to double in the next 20 years and human development is continually encroaching into natural areas. In Chapter I, I evaluated mammalian mesocarnivore density along an urban to rural gradient in the Ozark Ecoregion, Northwest Arkansas, USA. I deployed 287 trail cameras across 12 natural areas ranging from urban parks within the city of Fayetteville to more rural sites in the Ozarks. To estimate density, I used the Random Encounter Model (REM), developed to estimate density of unmarked individuals via trail camera data. I focused my analyses on the five most commonly detected mesocarnivore species: bobcat, coyote, raccoon, red fox, and Virginia opossum. I found that both raccoons and coyotes densities had a positive correlation with anthropogenic noise, indicating an affinity for areas with human activity. Red fox and opossum densities both had a positive correlation with developed open space, representing novel, human-maintained habitat within urban areas such as golf courses, cemeteries, and city parks. Red fox density also had a negative correlation to distance to water, and opossum density had a positive though insignificant trend with distance to water. Bobcat density was not correlated with any variables selected for analysis and may need to be evaluated on a larger spatial scale. My results support past research showing coyote, red fox, opossum and raccoon to be urban exploiters. They also add support for the REM as a reliable method to estimate density based on trail camera data. My density estimates for all five species were comparable to density estimates from the literature that used traditional density estimation techniques and allowed us to evaluate trends in density based on environmental and anthropogenic resources. In Chapter II, I evaluated the density and occupancy probability of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) along an urban to rural gradient. I used a total of 352 camera locations from the 2020-2021 winter season and the 2021-2022 winter season. I found that detection probability increased for the armadillo as temperature increased but decreased as precipitation increased. Occupancy probability had a negative correlation with the angle of the slope, and a positive correlation with elevation. Armadillo density was not influenced by any anthropogenic or environmental variables, but anecdotally was higher at sites with higher levels of human development. Collectively, these results shed insight into how 6 different mammal species respond to human development across an urbanization gradient in a quickly growing part of the country. Understanding impacts of urbanization on wildlife allows managers to predict populations of wildlife and potential conflicts that may arise in response to changes in their natural environments, as well as make well informed management decisions

A New Species of \u3ci\u3ePediobius\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Parasitizing \u3ci\u3eChyliza Apicalis\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Psilidae) in Ash Trees Attacked by \u3ci\u3eAgrilus Planipennis\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Pediobius chylizae, spec. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is described as new and illustrated. This parasitoid has been reared from the puparia of Chyliza apicalis Loew (Diptera: Psilidae) collected from under the bark of ash trees (Oleaceae: Fraxinus spp.) dying after attack by the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleptera: Buprestidae), an invasive beetle from Asia. This species is compared with related species of Pediobius from the Holarctic Region

Status of unemployment insurance.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

It Takes Two: Compatibility of Perspectives between Students and Teachers and the Effects Effort has on Student Academic Achievement and Subjective Well-being

This research study examined the unique matching of perspectives between teachers and students on the notion of who is assumed to be responsible for student academic achievement and subjective well-being. Students (N=190) in grades 9-11 and teachers (N=19) from a Newark, New Jersey public magnet high school completed various locus of control, classroom climate and well-being psychological questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and correlational tests were conducted for the analysis of the data. The surveys provided an in depth understanding of the distribution of perspectives which existed in this academic institution. Students found themselves, more often than not, feeling responsible for their own academic achievement. Most of the teacher population perceived themselves as not being accountable for the academic achievement of their students. Based on the results of the present study, pre-existing research and an innovative assessment for both students and teachers, a methodology for how an effort-based intervention can be an influencing factor for teacher performance in the classroom as well as student academic achievement and subjective well-being in school is proposed. Provided that the teachers and students put in the necessary effort to enhance the classroom experience for the student’s post-intervention, the expectation is that student effort will increase and consequently, so will student academic achievement and subjective well-being. The purpose of this study is to provoke thought from both students and teachers surrounding the student-teacher dynamic with regards to student academic achievement and well-being and to provide methodology via intervention for combating problems that stem from their complex relationship

Due Process Protections for Charter School Students in Long-Term Exclusionary Discipline Proceedings

Charter schools—public schools that are subject to minimal state regulation—often employ high levels of exclusionary discipline. Because charter schools in many states are exempt from state laws regulating school discipline, the U.S. Constitution provides charter school students their only source of protections during such disciplinary proceedings. However, the constitutional due process protections afforded to public school students in disciplinary proceedings remain a source of significant disagreement among courts. Although the U.S. Supreme Court has established that public school students must be afforded due process protections in exclusionary discipline proceedings, the Court has yet to determine what process is actually due to students in long-term exclusionary discipline proceedings. This Note explores and examines the disagreement among lower courts around three core due process protections: the right to confront and cross examine witnesses, the right to an impartial adjudicator, and the right to retain legal counsel. This Note argues that due process guarantees these three protections to all public school students. Further, this Note argues that these protections are needed in order to best protect charter school students, as charter school students face exclusionary discipline more often than traditional public school students and often do not have an added layer of protection from state law

Density and Occupancy of Mammals Along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Northwest Arkansas

Human development is a rapidly expanding phenomenon impacting wildlife communities globally. As the human footprint expands, natural greenspace and nature reserves become fragmented and isolated. Wildlife species and communities respond to these changes in different ways. Urban exploiters persist in more urban areas and are able to take advantage of anthropogenic subsidies (food, shelter, etc). Urban avoiders, however, are species that may be pushed out of developed areas or occur in lower densities relative to undisturbed areas. Northwest Arkansas is an optimal location to study the impacts of urbanization on wildlife communities, as the current human population is expected to double in the next 20 years and human development is continually encroaching into natural areas. In Chapter I, I evaluated mammalian mesocarnivore density along an urban to rural gradient in the Ozark Ecoregion, Northwest Arkansas, USA. I deployed 287 trail cameras across 12 natural areas ranging from urban parks within the city of Fayetteville to more rural sites in the Ozarks. To estimate density, I used the Random Encounter Model (REM), developed to estimate density of unmarked individuals via trail camera data. I focused my analyses on the five most commonly detected mesocarnivore species: bobcat, coyote, raccoon, red fox, and Virginia opossum. I found that both raccoons and coyotes densities had a positive correlation with anthropogenic noise, indicating an affinity for areas with human activity. Red fox and opossum densities both had a positive correlation with developed open space, representing novel, human-maintained habitat within urban areas such as golf courses, cemeteries, and city parks. Red fox density also had a negative correlation to distance to water, and opossum density had a positive though insignificant trend with distance to water. Bobcat density was not correlated with any variables selected for analysis and may need to be evaluated on a larger spatial scale. My results support past research showing coyote, red fox, opossum and raccoon to be urban exploiters. They also add support for the REM as a reliable method to estimate density based on trail camera data. My density estimates for all five species were comparable to density estimates from the literature that used traditional density estimation techniques and allowed us to evaluate trends in density based on environmental and anthropogenic resources. In Chapter II, I evaluated the density and occupancy probability of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) along an urban to rural gradient. I used a total of 352 camera locations from the 2020-2021 winter season and the 2021-2022 winter season. I found that detection probability increased for the armadillo as temperature increased but decreased as precipitation increased. Occupancy probability had a negative correlation with the angle of the slope, and a positive correlation with elevation. Armadillo density was not influenced by any anthropogenic or environmental variables, but anecdotally was higher at sites with higher levels of human development. Collectively, these results shed insight into how 6 different mammal species respond to human development across an urbanization gradient in a quickly growing part of the country. Understanding impacts of urbanization on wildlife allows managers to predict populations of wildlife and potential conflicts that may arise in response to changes in their natural environments, as well as make well informed management decisions

The Effect of Internal Migration on Local Labor Markets: American Cities During the Great Depression

During the Great Depression, as today, migrants were accused of taking jobs and crowding relief rolls. At the time, protest concerned internal migrants rather than the foreign born. We investigate the effect of net migration on local labor markets, instrumenting for migrant flows to a destination with extreme weather events and variation in New Deal programs in typical sending areas. Migration had little effect on the hourly earnings of existing residents. Instead, migration prompted some residents to move away and others to lose weeks of work and/or access to relief jobs. Given the period's high unemployment, these lost work opportunities were costly to existing residents.