Self-Similar Graphs

For any graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and for any {\em symmetric} subgraph $J$ of $K_{n,n}$, we construct an infinite sequence of graphs based on the pair $(G,J)$. The First graph in the sequence is $G$, then at each stage replacing every vertex of the previous graph by a copy of $G$ and every edge of the previous graph by a copy of $J$ the new graph is constructed. We call these graphs {\em self-similar} graphs. We are interested in delineating those pairs $(G,J)$ for which the chromatic numbers of the graphs in the sequence are bounded. Here we have some partial results. When $G$ is a complete graph and $J$ is a special matching we show that every graph in the resulting sequence is an {\em expander} graph.Comment: 13 pages, 1 tabl

SOCIAL CHANGE, ADULT EDUCATION AND SOCIOLOGY

Adult education has gained importance recently as a type of education which is different from formal education in terms of learning, teaching and program contents. When examined in the historical process with its content and programs, it is observed that adult education is shaped by the economic, social and political conditions. Contents and programs that change over time also differ among societies in line with their own conditions and needs. The rapid change of adult education's content in accordance with social conditions makes it inevitable to consider adult education from a sociological perspective. Moreover, adult education contents and programs provide important data in order to monitor social change and prior economic and social needs of different eras. On the other hand, determining the planning of adult education, its programs, target audience and educational contents by economic, social and political conditions strengthens the link between adult education and sociology. Especially using the opportunities of sociology in the planning of educational contents, target audience and training will strengthen the effect of adult education. This study aims to look at the the historical background of adult education sociologically and discuss the contribution that sociology's current opportunities can provide adult education. © 2021. All Rights Reserved

Telling different stories, making new realities: The ontological politics of ‘addiction’ biographies

Personal narratives of alcohol and other drug addiction circulate widely in popular culture and they also have currency in professional therapeutic settings. Despite this, relatively little research has explored the conventions operating in these narratives and how they shape people's experiences and identities. While research in this area often proceeds on the premise that addiction biographies are straightforwardly ‘true’ accounts, in this paper we draw on the insights of critical alcohol and other drug scholarship, and the concept of ‘ontological politics’ to argue that biographies produce normative ideas about addiction and those said to be experiencing it. Our analysis compares traditional addiction narratives with the biographies we reconstructed from qualitative interviews with 60 people in Australia who describe themselves as having an ‘addiction’, ‘dependence’ or drug ‘habit’. We track how addiction is variously enacted in these accounts and comment on the effects of particular enactments. By attending to the ways in which people cope, even thrive, with the kind of consumption that would attract a diagnosis of addiction or dependence, the biographies we produced disrupt the classic narrative of increasing drug use, decline and eventual collapse. Doing so allows for consideration of the benefits of consumption, as well as the ways that people carefully regulate it to minimise harms. It also constitutes individuals as active in managing consumption—an important move that challenges dominant understandings of addiction as a disorder of compulsivity. We conclude by considering the implications of our attempt to provide an alternative range of narratives, which resonate with people's diverse experiences

Emerging Innovative technologies and Materials in Hydropower Sector: A review

Various technological developments are now occurring in the hydropower sector. New technologies and practices are being developed to improve the hydropower system's adaptability and sustainability. To boost performance, durability, and flexibility, new novel materials that have been discovered through various research projects have also recently been introduced. In addition to improving efficiency, resistance, dependability, and durability, these cutting-edge materials have the potential to have a substantial impact on the hydropower sector's ability to manufacture, install, and transport equipment. Several novel materials are being introduced and numerous studies are continuing in the hydropower industry. Novel materials can be used for both new power plants and restoration projects. This study describes the most relevant novel materials used in various hydropower structure parts and components