1,896 research outputs found
Dispersive Optical Interface Based on Nanofiber-Trapped Atoms
We dispersively interface an ensemble of one thousand atoms trapped in the
evanescent field surrounding a tapered optical nanofiber. This method relies on
the azimuthally-asymmetric coupling of the ensemble with the evanescent field
of an off-resonant probe beam, transmitted through the nanofiber. The resulting
birefringence and dispersion are significant; we observe a phase shift per atom
of \,1\,mrad at a detuning of six times the natural linewidth,
corresponding to an effective resonant optical density per atom of 0.027.
Moreover, we utilize this strong dispersion to non-destructively determine the
number of atoms.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Optical interface created by laser-cooled atoms trapped in the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber
Trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled neutral atoms is an essential
requirement for their use in advanced quantum technologies. Here we
simultaneously realize both of these tasks with cesium atoms interacting with a
multi-color evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. The atoms are
localized in a one-dimensional optical lattice about 200 nm above the nanofiber
surface and can be efficiently interrogated with a resonant light field sent
through the nanofiber. Our technique opens the route towards the direct
integration of laser-cooled atomic ensembles within fiber networks, an
important prerequisite for large scale quantum communication schemes. Moreover,
it is ideally suited to the realization of hybrid quantum systems that combine
atoms with, e.g., solid state quantum devices
Poynting's theorem for planes waves at an interface: a scattering matrix approach
We apply the Poynting theorem to the scattering of monochromatic
electromagnetic planes waves with normal incidence to the interface of two
different media. We write this energy conservation theorem to introduce a
natural definition of the scattering matrix S. For the dielectric-dielectric
interface the balance equation lead us to the energy flux conservation which
express one of the properties of S: it is a unitary matrix. For the
dielectric-conductor interface the scattering matrix is no longer unitary due
to the presence of losses at the conductor. However, the dissipative term
appearing in the Poynting theorem can be interpreted as a single absorbing mode
at the conductor such that a whole S, satisfying flux conservation and
containing this absorbing mode, can be defined. This is a simplest version of a
model introduced in the current literature to describe losses in more complex
systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Am. J. Phy
The role of angular momentum in the construction of electromagnetic multipolar fields
Multipolar solutions of Maxwell's equations are used in many practical
applications and are essential for the understanding of light-matter
interactions at the fundamental level. Unlike the set of plane wave solutions
of electromagnetic fields, the multipolar solutions do not share a standard
derivation or notation. As a result, expressions originating from different
derivations can be difficult to compare. Some of the derivations of the
multipolar solutions do not explicitly show their relation to the angular
momentum operators, thus hiding important properties of these solutions. In
this article, the relation between two of the most common derivations of this
set of solutions is explicitly shown and their relation to the angular momentum
operators is exposed.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Mutational Analysis in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer and Correlations with Age, Ethnicity, and Clinical Presentation.
BackgroundWell-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) incidence in pediatrics is rising, most being papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of different mutations in pediatric WDTC and correlate the genotype with the clinical phenotype.MethodsThis is a single-center retrospective study. Thyroid tissue blocks from 42 consecutive pediatric WDTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2001 and 2013 were analyzed at Quest Diagnostics for BRAF(V600E), RAS mutations (N,K,H), and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements, using validated molecular methods. Thyroid carcinomas included PTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC).ResultsThirty-nine samples (29 females) were genotyped. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.7 years (range 7.9-18.4 years), and most were Hispanic (56.4%) or Caucasian (35.9%). The mean follow-up period was 2.9 years. Mutations were noted in 21/39 (53.8%), with both BRAF(V600E) (n = 9), and RET/PTC (n = 6) detected only in PTC. Mutations were detected in 2/5 FTC (PAX8/PPARγ and NRAS) and 3/6 FVPTC cases (PAX8/PPARγ). Of 28 PTC patients, 57.1% had mutations: 32.1% with BRAF(V600E), 21.4% with RET/PTC, and 3.6% with NRAS. Of patients with BRAF(V600E), 77.8% were Hispanic and 88.9% were >15 years, while all RET/PTC-positive patients were ≤15 years (p = 0.003). Tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis at diagnosis (or soon after (131)I ablation) did not vary significantly based on the mutation.ConclusionsBRAF(V600E) was the most common mutation, especially in older and Hispanic adolescents. A larger, ethnically diverse pediatric cohort followed long term will enable the genotypic variability, clinical presentation, and response to therapy to be better assessed
How to be causal: time, spacetime, and spectra
I explain a simple definition of causality in widespread use, and indicate
how it links to the Kramers Kronig relations. The specification of causality in
terms of temporal differential eqations then shows us the way to write down
dynamical models so that their causal nature /in the sense used here/ should be
obvious to all. To extend existing treatments of causality that work only in
the frequency domain, I derive a reformulation of the long-standing Kramers
Kronig relations applicable not only to just temporal causality, but also to
spacetime "light-cone" causality based on signals carried by waves. I also
apply this causal reasoning to Maxwell's equations, which is an instructive
example since their casual properties are sometimes debated.Comment: v4 - add Appdx A, "discrete" picture (not in EJP); v5 - add Appdx B,
cause classification/frames (not in EJP); v7 - unusual model case; v8 add
reference
Variation within and between Frankliniella Thrips Species in Host Plant Utilization
Anthophilous flower thrips in the genus Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) exploit ephemeral plant resources and therefore must be capable of successfully locating appropriate hosts on a repeated basis, yet little is known of interspecific and intraspecific variation in responses to host plant type and nutritional quality. Field trials were conducted over two seasons to determine if the abundance of males and females of three common Frankliniella species, F. occidentalis (Pergande), F. tritici (Fitch) and F. bispinosa (Morgan), their larvae, and a key predator, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were affected by host plant type and plant nutritional quality. Two host plants, pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. that vary in suitability for these species were examined, and their nutritional quality was manipulated by applying three levels of nitrogen fertilization (101 kg/ha, 202 kg/ha, 404 kg/ha). F. occidentalis females were more abundant in pepper than in tomato, but males did not show a differential response. Both sexes of F. tritici and F. bispinosa were more abundant in tomato than in pepper. Larval thrips were more abundant in pepper than in tomato. Likewise, O. insidiosus females and nymphs were more abundant in pepper than in tomato. Only F. occidentalis females showed a distinct response to nitrogen fertilization, with abundance increasing with fertilization. These results show that host plant utilization patterns vary among Frankliniella spp. and should not be generalized from results of the intensively studied F. occidentalis. Given the different pest status of these species and their differential abundance in pepper and tomato, it is critical that scouting programs include species identifications for proper management
The Effect of the Short-Range Correlations on the Generalized Momentum Distribution in Finite Nuclei
The effect of dynamical short-range correlations on the generalized momentum
distribution in the case of , -closed shell
nuclei is investigated by introducing Jastrow-type correlations in the
harmonic-oscillator model. First, a low order approximation is considered and
applied to the nucleus He. Compact analytical expressions are derived and
numerical results are presented and the effect of center-of-mass corrections is
estimated. Next, an approximation is proposed for of
heavier nuclei, that uses the above correlated of He.
Results are presented for the nucleus O. It is found that the effect of
short-range correlations is significant for rather large values of the momenta
and/or and should be included, along with center of mass corrections
for light nuclei, in a reliable evaluation of in the whole
domain of and .Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures. Further results, figures and discussion for the
CM corrections are added. Accepted by Journal of Physics
A Search for Sigma^0_5, N^0_5 and Theta^++ Pentaquark States
A high-resolution (sigma_instr. = 1.5 MeV) search for narrow states (Gamma <
10 MeV) with masses of M_x approx 1500-1850 MeV in ep -> e'K^+ X, e'K^- X and
e' pi^+ X electroproduction at small angles and low Q^2 was performed. These
states would be candidate partner states of the reported Theta^+(1540)
pentaquark. No statistically significant signal was observed in any of the
channels at 90% C.L. Upper limits on forward production were determined to be
between 0.7% and 4.2% of the Lambda(1520) production cross section, depending
on the channel and the assumed mass and width of the state.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. C, update with responses
to referee suggestion
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