3,745 research outputs found
Kondo Resonance of a Microwave Photon
We emulate renormalization group models, such as the Spin-Boson Hamiltonian
or the anisotropic Kondo model, from a quantum optics perspective by
considering a superconducting device. The infra-red confinement involves photon
excitations of two tunable transmission lines entangled to an artificial
spin-1/2 particle or double-island charge qubit. Focusing on the propagation of
microwave light, in the underdamped regime of the Spin-Boson model, we identify
a many-body resonance where a photon is absorbed at the renormalized qubit
frequency and reemitted forward in an elastic manner. We also show that
asymptotic freedom of microwave light is reached by increasing the input signal
amplitude at low temperatures which allows the disappearance of the
transmission peak.Comment: Final Version: Main text and Supplementary Materia
On the Role of Local Content Requirement in Defusing the Threat of Quid-Pro-Quo FDI
We analyze local content requirement (LCR) and tariff in a two-country model of vertical market-structure with endogenous foreign direct investment (FDI). The foreign firm chooses whether to export or to undertake FDI. The host country anticipates the potential for FDI and selects tariff with or without LCR rate accordingly. Without LCR, the FDI imposes a threat on the host country and the threat exerts a tariff-liberalizing pressure. This FDI is often coined as quid-pro-quo FDI in the literature. In contrast, we show that with LCR the host government can defuse the threat of quid-pro-quo FDItariff, local content requirement, export, quid-pro-quo foreign direct investment
A Note on Free Trade Agreement and Wage Bargaining Structure
Mezzeti and Dinopoulos (1991) show that a free trade agreement (trade liberalization) decreases wage rate. However, Naylor (1998) shows that trade liberalization increases wage rate. Both papers consider tariff as exogenously given. In this paper we show that these conflicting results can be nested into a model of international duopoly with a more general wage bargaining structure. Tariff is endogenously determined in our model. In addition, we also derive crucial implications of the wage bargaining structure on the sustainability of trade liberalizationwage bargaining structure, optimal tariff regime, free trade agreement
Organizational Structure and Product Market Competition
We analyze an interaction between a firmās choice of organizational structure and competition in the product-market. Two organizational structures are considered, namely a centralized-organization, whereby formal authority is retained by a principal, and a decentralized-organization, whereby formal authority is delegated to an agent. We show that the choice of organizational structure hinges on a trade-off between operating-profit and managerial effort. The principal may prefer to choose an organizational structure that generates lower operating-profit to motivate the agent to work hard. The choice of organizational structure may also determine whether the rival is active in the market or forced to exit the market.Formal and Real Authority, Delegation Structure, Product Market Competition
Collaborative consumption for small and medium-sized fashion enterprises in South Korea
Sustainability in the fashion industry is challenging due to numerous problems, which entail both complex production and consumption processes in a global context. Over the past decade, clothing consumption patterns have changed considerably, influenced by the disposable fast fashion phenomenon. In recent decades, the need to incorporate sustainability in business practices in the fashion industry has become increasingly clear. The concept of a ācircular economyā (CE) has been promoted to highlight the need to find an alternative approach for recovering or regenerating resources for the maximum value of a garmentās life (WRAP 2016) . This concept has attracted increasing attention because of the need to reduce waste and optimize resource productivity while achieving a competitive advantage and reducing the negative environmental effects of clothing production and consumption (WRAP 2016)
-Kicked Quantum Rotors: Localization and `Critical' Statistics
The quantum dynamics of atoms subjected to pairs of closely-spaced
-kicks from optical potentials are shown to be quite different from the
well-known paradigm of quantum chaos, the singly--kicked system. We
find the unitary matrix has a new oscillating band structure corresponding to a
cellular structure of phase-space and observe a spectral signature of a
localization-delocalization transition from one cell to several. We find that
the eigenstates have localization lengths which scale with a fractional power
and obtain a regime of near-linear spectral variances
which approximate the `critical statistics' relation , where is related to the fractal
classical phase-space structure. The origin of the exponent
is analyzed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 fig
Cross-Border M&A Inflows and the Quality of Institutions: A Cross-Country Panel Data Analysis
This paper provides an empirical explanation to the observed disparity in cross-border M&A inflows to developing and developed countries over the last two decades. We show two main results. First, the disparity can be attributed to the difference in the quality of institutions between the two groups of countries. Second, the gain from reforming institutions in developing countries is smaller than that in developed countries. These findings suggest that, with the current speed of institutional reforms in developing countries, the disparity is likely to persist.cross-border M&A inflows, quality of institutions, developing and developed countries, pooled-data and panel data analysis, correlated random effects
Near zero modes in condensate phases of the Dirac theory on the honeycomb lattice
We investigate a number of fermionic condensate phases on the honeycomb
lattice, to determine whether topological defects (vortices and edges) in these
phases can support bound states with zero energy. We argue that topological
zero modes bound to vortices and at edges are not only connected, but should in
fact be \emph{identified}. Recently, it has been shown that the simplest s-wave
superconducting state for the Dirac fermion approximation of the honeycomb
lattice at precisely half filling, supports zero modes inside the cores of
vortices (P. Ghaemi and F. Wilczek, 2007). We find that within the continuum
Dirac theory the zero modes are not unique neither to this phase, nor to half
filling. In addition, we find the \emph{exact} wavefunctions for vortex bound
zero modes, as well as the complete edge state spectrum of the phases we
discuss. The zero modes in all the phases we examine have even-numbered
degeneracy, and as such pairs of any Majorana modes are simply equivalent to
one ordinary fermion. As a result, contrary to bound state zero modes in superconductors, vortices here do \emph{not} exhibit non-Abelian exchange
statistics. The zero modes in the pure Dirac theory are seemingly topologically
protected by the effective low energy symmetry of the theory, yet on the
original honeycomb lattice model these zero modes are split, by explicit
breaking of the effective low energy symmetry.Comment: Final version including numerics, accepted for publication in PR
A Supersymmetric U(1)' Model with Multiple Dark Matters
We consider a scenario where a supersymmetric model has multiple dark matter
particles. Adding a U(1)' gauge symmetry is a well-motivated extension of the
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). It can cure the problems of the
MSSM such as the mu-problem or the proton decay problem with high-dimensional
lepton number and baryon number violating operators which R-parity allows. An
extra parity (U-parity) may arise as a residual discrete symmetry after U(1)'
gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. The Lightest U-parity Particle (LUP) is
stable under the new parity becoming a new dark matter candidate. Up to three
massive particles can be stable in the presence of the R-parity and the
U-parity. We numerically illustrate that multiple stable particles in our model
can satisfy both constraints from the relic density and the direct detection,
thus providing a specific scenario where a supersymmetric model has
well-motivated multiple dark matters consistent with experimental constraints.
The scenario provides new possibilities in the present and upcoming dark matter
searches in the direct detection and collider experiments.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Chaotic quantum ratchets and filters with cold atoms in optical lattices: properties of Floquet states
Recently, cesium atoms in optical lattices subjected to cycles of
unequally-spaced pulses have been found to show interesting behavior: they
represent the first experimental demonstration of a Hamiltonian ratchet
mechanism, and they show strong variability of the Dynamical Localization
lengths as a function of initial momentum. The behavior differs qualitatively
from corresponding atomic systems pulsed with equal periods, which are a
textbook implementation of a well-studied quantum chaos paradigm, the quantum
delta-kicked particle (delta-QKP). We investigate here the properties of the
corresponding eigenstates (Floquet states) in the parameter regime of the new
experiments and compare them with those of the eigenstates of the delta-QKP at
similar kicking strengths. We show that, with the properties of the Floquet
states, we can shed light on the form of the observed ratchet current as well
as variations in the Dynamical Localization length.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
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