Correction to: Clinical management of ageing people living with HIV in Europe: the view of the care providers.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of local cryotherapy on subjective and objective recovery characteristics following an exhaustive jump protocol

Erich Hohenauer,1-3 Peter Clarys,3 Jean-Pierre Baeyens,2-4 Ron Clijsen,1-31Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland; 2University College Physiotherapy, Thim van der Laan, Landquart, Switzerland; 3Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; 4Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumAbstract: The purpose of this controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a single local cryotherapy session on the recovery characteristics over a period of 72 hours. Twentytwo young and healthy female (n=17; mean age: 21.9±1.1 years) and male (n=5;mean age:25.4±2.8 years) adults participated in this study. Following an exhaustive jump protocol (3×30 countermovement jumps), half of the participants received either a single local cryotherapy application (+8°C) or a single local thermoneutral application (+32°C) of 20-minute duration using two thigh cuffs. Subjective measures of recovery (delayed-onset muscle soreness and ratings of perceived exertion) and objective measures of recovery (vertical jump performanceand peak power output) were assessed immediately following the postexercise applications (0 hours) and at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after the jump protocol. Local cryotherapy failed to significantly affect any subjective recovery variable during the 72-hour recovery period (P>0.05). After 72 hours, the ratings of perceived exertion were significantly lower in the thermoneutral group compared to that in the cryotherapy group (P=0.002). No significant differences were observed between the cryotherapy and the thermoneutral groups with respect to any of the objective recovery variables. In this experimental study, a 20-minute cryotherapy cuff application failed to demonstrate a positive effect on any objective measures of recovery. The effects of local thermoneutral application on subjective recovery characteristics were superior when compared to the effects of local cryotherapy application at 72 hours postapplication. Keywords: cryotherapy, cold cuff, muscle damage, recover

Environmental and behavioral regulation of HIF-mitochondria crosstalk.

Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) can lead to cell and organ damage. Therefore, aerobic species depend on efficient mechanisms to counteract detrimental consequences of hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and mitochondria are integral components of the cellular response to hypoxia and coordinate both distinct and highly intertwined adaptations. This leads to reduced dependence on oxygen, improved oxygen supply, maintained energy provision by metabolic remodeling and tapping into alternative pathways and increased resilience to hypoxic injuries. On one hand, many pathologies are associated with hypoxia and hypoxia can drive disease progression, for example in many cancer and neurological diseases. But on the other hand, controlled induction of hypoxia responses via HIFs and mitochondria can elicit profound health benefits and increase resilience. To tackle pathological hypoxia conditions or to apply health-promoting hypoxia exposures efficiently, cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia need to be well understood. Here we first summarize the well-established link between HIFs and mitochondria in orchestrating hypoxia-induced adaptations and then outline major environmental and behavioral modulators of their interaction that remain poorly understood

Fabrication and Characterization of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed W/Cu-Composites for Extreme Thermal Conditions

The joining of tungsten to copper and the ongoing search for commercially viable production techniques is one of the challenging issues in the field of composite materials. The reason why this material combination is of essential importance is its ability to withstand erosion and high temperatures on the tungsten side and to remove big quantities of heat on the copper side. Due to the mismatch of thermal expansion and Young's moduli, the direct joining of these two materials results in high residual and thermal stresses at the interface, ultimately reducing component lifetime. One potential answer to this problem is functionally graded structures of W and Cu, which smoothen the transition of material properties. The present study focuses on vacuum plasma spraying (120 mbar, Ar) of W/Cu-gradients and composites with defined mixing ratios. The influence of the fabrication process and the W:Cu ratio on the microstructure has been investigated and results from thermo-mechanical and thermo-physical results analyses are presented. Finite element modeling has been used to demonstrate the positive effect of gradients on the elastic and elastic-plastic response within two different model-geometries. Partial gradients, ranging from pure tungsten to 75 vol.% tungsten, exhibit the best results and improve the expected life-time performance significantly by reducing the stresses at both interfaces, W/FGM and FGM/Cu, compared to a reference interface between W and Cu

Humidity dependence of transport properties of composite materials used for thermochemical heat storage and thermal transformer appliances

Water sorption thermochemical heat storage is a promising way to provide dwellings with renewable central heating. It requires the use of several cubic meters of materials per dwelling. Depending on the design of the heating system, specific heat and mass transfer issues occur. For instance, the heat transfer rate in reactive medium and the kinetics of sorption process determine the system thermal power. In addition, the moisture propagation during inter-seasonal storage must be understood. In this paper, the influence of the water mass uptake on the apparent thermal conductivity and apparent mass diffusivity of solid material were studied. The studied material was a composite of calcium chloride (CaCl2) encapsulated in mesoporous silica with a salt content of 40–43 wt.%. The thermal conductivity was measured by the transient hot bridge method and varied from 0.13 to 0.16 W m−1 K−1, having a threshold at 0.14 g/g of water mass uptake. The apparent water mass diffusivity was studied using a diffusion column. The water diffusivity – concentration dependency was established by using the modified Hall method. The apparent diffusion coefficient ranged from 3 × 10−10 to 2 × 10−8 m2 s−1 in experimental conditions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe