Estructuración de un manual de procedimientos para la atención al público del parque histórico Guayaquil

El presente documento expone de manera detallada una modalidad para el desarrollo de las actividades en el área de la atención al público de Parque Histórico Guayaquil. Basándose en un estudio de diagnóstico y la experiencia adquirida como guía de museo, se planteó un modelo de gestión que facilita el trabajo en conjunto y organice las actividades, estableciendo niveles de prioridad para cada una así como para la ejecución apropiada de las mismas. Para éste fin se incorpora la metodología de un manual de procedimientos que describe y especifica las funciones de cada uno de los puestos involucrados en el área anteriormente nombrada. El trabajo se compone de varios capítulos: en el 1 y 2 se sintetizan datos generales del parque y la descripción de las áreas de atención al público del mismo, con el fin de identificar posteriormente el campo de acción del personal encargado de dicha área, y los servicios ofrecidos a los visitantes. En el capítulo 3 se elabora un análisis de diagnóstico para así poder determinar problemas en el funcionamiento o modelo de ejecución de la atención al público mediante la herramienta FODA. Finalmente en el capítulo 4 se plantean las soluciones basadas en las estrategias obtenidas como resultado del análisis FODA elaborado en el capítulo anterior. El objetivo primordial es mejorar el servicio ofrecido a los visitantes, estableciendo políticas y normas compiladas en un reglamento interno que rigiera el desempeño de cada uno de los servidores dentro de ésta área regulando el tiempo, así como las personas necesarias y/o idóneas y herramientas de trabajo para dichos procedimientos.ESPO

Hot surface ignition dynamics in premixed hydrogen–air near the lean flammability limit

The dynamics of ignition of premixed hydrogen–air from a hot glow plug were investigated in a combined experimental and numerical study. Surface temperatures during heating and at ignition were obtained from 2-color pyrometry, gas temperatures were measured by high-speed Mach–Zehnder interferometry, and far-field effects were captured by high-speed schlieren imaging. Numerical simulations considered detailed chemical kinetics and differential diffusion effects. In addition to the known cyclic (puffing) combustion phenomenon, singular ignition events (single puff) were observed near the lean flammability limit. Detailed analysis of the results of our numerical simulations reveal the existence of multiple combustion transients within the thermal boundary layer following the initial ignition event and, at late times, sustained chemical reaction within a thermal plume above the glow plug. The results have significant implications for ignition from hot surfaces within near-flammability limit mixtures, at the edge of plumes resulting from accidental release of hydrogen, or within the containments of nuclear power plants during severe accidents

Dynamics of ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures by moving heated particles

Studying thermal ignition mechanisms is a key step for evaluating many ignition hazards. In the present work, two-dimensional simulations with detailed chemistry are used to study the reaction pathways of the transient flow and ignition of a stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixture by moving hot spheres. For temperatures above the ignition threshold, ignition takes place after a short time between the front stagnation point and separation location depending upon the sphere's surface temperature. Closer to the threshold, the volume of gas adjacent to the separation region ignites homogeneously after a longer time. These results demonstrate the importance of boundary layer development and flow separation in the ignition process

Effects of differential diffusion on ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air by moving hot spheres

Studying thermal ignition mechanisms is a key step for evaluating many ignition hazards. In the present work, two-dimensional simulations with detailed chemistry are used to study the effect of differential diffusion on the prediction of ignition thresholds of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture by moving hot spheres. Numerical experiments showed an increase of 40 K in the minimum ignition temperature required for ignition when diffusion of species at different rates is taken into account. Detailed analysis of the species profiles at the ignition location and a sensitivity study of the system to the diffusivity of H_2 and H revealed the key role played by the diffusion of H atoms in preventing ignition to take place at temperatures below 1000 K

Effects of differential diffusion on ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air by moving hot spheres

Studying thermal ignition mechanisms is a key step for evaluating many ignition hazards. In the present work, two-dimensional simulations with detailed chemistry are used to study the effect of differential diffusion on the prediction of ignition thresholds of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture by moving hot spheres. Numerical experiments showed an increase of 40 K in the minimum ignition temperature required for ignition when diffusion of species at different rates is taken into account. Detailed analysis of the species profiles at the ignition location and a sensitivity study of the system to the diffusivity of H_2 and H revealed the key role played by the diffusion of H atoms in preventing ignition to take place at temperatures below 1000 K

Dynamics of ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures by moving heated particles

Studying thermal ignition mechanisms is a key step for evaluating many ignition hazards. In the present work, two-dimensional simulations with detailed chemistry are used to study the reaction pathways of the transient flow and ignition of a stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixture by moving hot spheres. For temperatures above the ignition threshold, ignition takes place after a short time between the front stagnation point and separation location depending upon the sphere's surface temperature. Closer to the threshold, the volume of gas adjacent to the separation region ignites homogeneously after a longer time. These results demonstrate the importance of boundary layer development and flow separation in the ignition process

Numerical study of the transition between slow reaction and ignition in a cylindrical vessel

A numerical study of a transiently (uniformly/non-uniformly) heated cylindrical reactor was performed using a computationally inexpensive one-step model capable of capturing the experimentally observed transition behavior from slow to fast reaction. The methodology used to find the kinetic parameters of the simplified model was described in detail. A parametric study using a control volume (0-D) thermal ignition model provided transition maps due to changes in heating rate, initial pressure and composition. Two-dimensional reactive Navier-Stokes equations were used to examine the fluid mechanics and chemical reaction leading to slow or fast consumption of the mixture. During uniform heating, a dynamic buoyancy flow is induced in which the mixture rises along the walls and turns at the centerline creating two well defined vortical structures. Once significant chemical heat release is generated, the flow reverses. During non-uniform heating, the flow field is composed of two large vortices in the center of the vessel, and two sets of smaller vortices trapped at the top and bottom of the reactor. Depending on the heating rate, and irrespective of the mode of heating, the mixture undergoes either slow oxidation or ignition whereby a flame that propagates from the top of the vessel consumes the mixture

Experimental and numerical study of the ignition of hydrogen-air mixtures by a localized stationary hot surface

The ignition of hydrogen-air mixtures by a stationary hot glow plug has been experimentally investigated using two-color pyrometry and interferometry. The ignition process was characterized by the surface temperature at ignition, as well as by the location where the initial flame kernel was formed. The experimental results indicate that: (i) the ignition temperature threshold is a function of equivalence ratio; (ii) the ignition location is a function of the rate at which the glow plug is heated because high heating rates favor non-uniform heating. As a result, ignition occurs on the side rather than near the top face of the glow plug. Comparison with two-dimensional numerical simulations exhibits discrepancies in terms of the temperature threshold value and dependence on equivalence ratio. Simulations performed imposing a non-uniform surface temperature show that a temperature difference between the side and the top of the glow plug as low as 12.5 to 25 K resulted in side ignition for hydrogen-air mixtures. The effect of surface chemistry was estimated numerically by imposing a boundary condition of zero species concentration for intermediate species, H and HO_2, at the hot surface, which increased the ignition threshold by up to 50 K for an initial H_2 concentration of 70%. The present study shows that surface temperature non-uniformity, heterogeneous chemistry and reaction model used, could influence the experimentally reported and numerically predicted ignition threshold as well as the location of ignition

Hot surface ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures

Hot surface ignition is relevant in the context of industrial safety. In the present work, two-dimensional simulations with detailed chemistry, and study of the reaction pathways of the buoyancy-driven flow and ignition of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture by a rapidly heated surface (glowplug) are reported. Experimentally, ignition is observed to occur regularly at the top of the glowplug; numerical results for hydrogen-air reproduce this trend, and shed light on this behavior. The simulations show the importance of flow separation in creating zones where convective losses are minimized and heat diffusion is maximized, resulting in the critical conditions for ignition to take place