42 research outputs found
Job resources and recovery experiences to face difficulties in emotion regulation at work: a diary study among nurses
The present study examines the role of daily difficulties in emotion regulation at work in nurseâs daily well-being and how certain job resources and recovery experiences influence this relationship. We hypothesized that daily difficulties to regulate emotions at work would be significantly and positively related to emotional exhaustion at work in the afternoon, and to fatigue and negative affect at home at night. Moreover, we hypothesized that co-worker and supervisor support, as well as psychological detachment and relaxation, would buffer the negative impact of these difficulties on the outcomes. Seventy-four nurses from various Spanish hospitals and primary health care centres completed a general questionnaire and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive workdays at two different moments, after work and at night (N = 74 participants and N = 370 observations). The results of multilevel analyses showed that nursesâ daily difficulties in emotion regulation have a direct effect on daily emotional exhaustion at work, and on fatigue and negative affect at home at night. We also found that co-worker support, psychological detachment and relaxation minimize the unfavourable effects on well-being of difficulties in emotion regulation. Limitations and implications for nursing and other health occupations are mentionedThis research was supported by a grant FormaciĂłn de Profesorado Universitario (FPU)
from the Spanish Ministry of Education and by a project from the Spanish Ministry of Economy
and Competitiveness (FEM2012-34692
Energy loss after daily role stress and work incivility: caring for oneself with emotional wellness
The present study seeks to build on burnout research by examining daily fuctuations of
role stress and work incivility, and their impact on employeesâ energy loss. Optimism
and recovery (i.e., psychological detachment and relaxation), two mechanisms that allow
workersâ self-care and self-defence from these toxic conditions when faced by these job
stressors, were included. In a daily study, 117 service sector workers completed surveys
three times a day, over a period of one working week. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed work incivility as predictor of daily emotional exhaustion. Optimism and recovery
play diferent roles in protecting workers from daily energy loss. Daily optimism increased
employeesâenergy and decreased emotional exhaustion and negative afect at night. It
also moderated the relationship between work incivility and positive afect at night. The
results on psychological detachment supported the stressor-detachment model (Sonnentag,
2010), in which psychological detachment from work during nonworking time is not only
a direct predictor of increased energy, but could similarly bufer the negative impact of
role stress and work incivility. Relaxation basically showed main efects in predicting
emotional exhaustion (inversely) and positive afect (directly). Our fndings suggest two
main implications: (1) the necessity for implemention of workplace policies to prevent
role stress and work incivility in reducing daily loss of energy. (2) Training workers in
self-care programmes focusing on optimism and recovery can provide early steps toward
organizational change and employee daily well-beingThis research was supported by a project from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2015-68011-R).
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
Passionate healthcare workers in demanding intensive care units: its relationship with daily exhaustion, secondary traumatic stress, empathy, and selfâcompassion.
This study focuses on Intensive Care Units (ICU) and aims to test whether daily job demands are related to daily emotional
exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress (STS) after work through the experience of passion at work and whether personal
resources in ICU, such as empathy and self-compassion, moderate these relationships. A diary study was designed to assess
day-level job demands, passion, empathy, self-compassion at work; and day-level emotional exhaustion and STS after
work. The sample was 97 healthcare workers from ICU from different Spanish hospitals being selected by the snowball
technique. This sample was assessed 5 days x two moments per day through a diary questionnaire. The multilevel analysis
showed a negative mediational effect of harmonious passion between daily job demands and both emotional exhaustion
and STS. Also, in predicting emotional exhaustion, a moderator effect of empathy on harmonious passion was found, as
well as a moderator effect of self-compassion on obsessive passion. In predicting STS, a direct positive effect was found in
empathy. Our findings highlight the vocational work of these healthcare workers, considering job demands as challenging
and enhancing their harmonious passion to overcome the drawbacks. Moreover, empathy revealed to have a negative effect
whereas self-compassion the contrary. Thus, increase the awareness on these personal resources and how to train them could
be considered as valuable preventative measures.post-print838 K
Systematic Review of Potential Health Risks Posed by Pharmaceutical, Occupational and Consumer Exposures to Metallic and Nanoscale Aluminum, Aluminum Oxides, Aluminum Hydroxide and Its Soluble Salts
Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007).
Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of âtotal Alâassumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold.
The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al+ 3 to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)+ 2 and Al(H2O)6 + 3] that after complexation with O2âąâ, generate Al superoxides [Al(O2âą)](H2O5)]+ 2. Semireduced AlO2âą radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 âą â and OHâą. Thus, it is the Al+ 3-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates.
Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants.
The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances
Factors associated with burnout among Chinese hospital doctors: a cross-sectional study
Understanding burnout according to individual differences: ongoing explanatory power evaluation of two models for measuring burnout types
Observersâ reactions to workplace incivility in the masculine domain: How does role congruency explain gender bias in future workers?
Based on Role Congruity Theory, we tested the hypothesis of gender bias by
examining gender differences in observers âevaluations of the awareness and
acceptability of workplace incivility gender-dyad interaction. Four-hundred Spanish
high school students (55.8% female) read one scenario of overt incivility (publicly
humiliates and openly doubts the employee's judgment) or covert (omits and pays
little attention) from a leader (female vs. male) toward a subordinate (female vs.
male) in engineering. Results indicated gender differences among observers. From
the leader actor of incivility, males were more aware and accepted less the incivility
when performed by a female leader in a male domain; whereas females were more
aware and accepted less incivility than males in all cases. Regarding the subordinate target of incivility, only females were more aware and accepted less incivility, and
both males and females were more aware and accepted less covert incivility. Our
results reveal practical implications for interventions from a gender perspectiv