Addressing Health Needs of Burlington Probation and Parole Clients

Introduction. Higher rates of recidivism have been observed in offenders with specific health risks. Criminal justice literature identifies probation/parole as an ideal time to im-plement health interventions to reduce recidivism, but significant barriers existhttps://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1093/thumbnail.jp

The European transhumance network. The ancestral infrastructuring of the territory for settlement rebalance in post-pandemic society.

The lockdown caused by the Covid-19 outbreak was an involuntary socio-environmental experiment demonstrating that the conditions exist to pursue alternative solutions to our short-sighted economic-productive system. Long neglected themes have returned to the center of the debate: the potential of inland areas in the policies of redistribution of settlement density; the value, not only cultural, of secondary historical settlements; the enhancement of ecosystem services due to large-area environmental systems; the role of urban spaces and proximity green spaces for the sustainability of dense settlements. For all these issues, the transhumance system has played a central role over time. In this new scenario, the article reports on a research effort aimed at defining a territorial model for the European transhumance network. The territorial system of transhumance, observed according to the taxonomic hierarchy proposed by the research, will be able to constitute a knowledge base for implementing policies for the conservation of customs, traditions, beliefs, food and wine culture, and expression of the pastoral world. Furthermore, the system may become a coherent framework aimed at assessing the environmental and landscape sustainability of rebalancing settlement transformations in a climate-proof way, with particular reference to the new mobility strategies and new settlement choices that will become appropriate in the post-pandemic era

Alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins in cerebral tissues from fetuses subject to alcohol in utero

Critical period for intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), and biochemical parameters for tissue growth were studied in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in rats. Our research used 40 animals, fed Lieber and DeCarli liquid diets, distributed into 4 groups: C, or control--non-alcoholic--, ad libitum; E, or alcoholic, fed ad libitum; F, or alcoholic, pair fed to E; and P, non-alcoholic, pair fed to E and F. Fetuses of group E were exposed to ethanol during the organogenic period, while those from group F exposed only during the last stage of pregnancy. Blood alcohol levels were determined both at the end of 42 days before pregnancy, and on days 3, 7, 14 and 19 of gestation. The brain content of total DNA and proteins was measured, along with the cell size of fetal tissues. Non-parametric statistics were applied, considering the litter as unit, and 5% as the significant level. Prenatal ethanol exposure was associated with a cell size, total DNA, and cerebral protein content all significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) than in non-alcoholic groups. These facts strongly suggest that the critical period for growth retardation associated with FAS may be situated at the end of pregnancy, when metabolic disturbances of the brain could also arise, while major external malformations are likely to be produced during organogenesis

Hydraulics of skimming flows on stepped chutes: The effects of inflow conditions?

Modern stepped spillways are typically designed for large discharge capacities corresponding to a skimming flow regime for which flow resistance is predominantly form drag. The writer demonstrates that the inflow conditions have some effect on the skimming flow properties. Boundary layer calculations show that the flow properties at inception of free-surface aeration are substantially different with pressurized intake. The re-analysis of experimental results highlights that the equivalent Darcy friction factor is f similar to 0.2 in average on uncontrolled stepped Chute and f similar to 0.1 on stepped chute with pressurized intake. A simple design chart is presented to estimate the residual flow velocity, and the agreement of the calculations with experimental results is deemed satisfactory for preliminary design

Control of Gene Expression by the Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells

Retinoic acid-related Orphan Receptor alpha (RORα; NR1F1) is a widely distributed nuclear receptor involved in several (patho)physiological functions including lipid metabolism, inflammation, angiogenesis, and circadian rhythm. To better understand the role of this nuclear receptor in liver, we aimed at displaying genes controlled by RORα in liver cells by generating HepG2 human hepatoma cells stably over-expressing RORα. Genes whose expression was altered in these cells versus control cells were displayed using micro-arrays followed by qRT-PCR analysis. Expression of these genes was also altered in cells in which RORα was transiently over-expressed after adenoviral infection. A number of the genes found were involved in known pathways controlled by RORα, for instance LPA, NR1D2 and ADIPOQ in lipid metabolism, ADIPOQ and PLG in inflammation, PLG in fibrinolysis and NR1D2 and NR1D1 in circadian rhythm. This study also revealed that genes such as G6PC, involved in glucose homeostasis, and AGRP, involved in the control of body weight, are also controlled by RORα. Lastly, SPARC, involved in cell growth and adhesion, and associated with liver carcinogenesis, was up-regulated by RORα. SPARC was found to be a new putative RORα target gene since it possesses, in its promoter, a functional RORE as evidenced by EMSAs and transfection experiments. Most of the other genes that we found regulated by RORα also contained putative ROREs in their regulatory regions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed that the ROREs present in the SPARC, PLG, G6PC, NR1D2 and AGRP genes were occupied by RORα in HepG2 cells. Therefore these genes must now be considered as direct RORα targets. Our results open new routes on the roles of RORα in glucose metabolism and carcinogenesis within cells of hepatic origin

Alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins in cerebral tissues from fetuses subject to alcohol in utero

Critical period for intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), and biochemical parameters for tissue growth were studied in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in rats. Our research used 40 animals, fed Lieber and DeCarli liquid diets, distributed into 4 groups: C, or control--non-alcoholic--, ad libitum; E, or alcoholic, fed ad libitum; F, or alcoholic, pair fed to E; and P, non-alcoholic, pair fed to E and F. Fetuses of group E were exposed to ethanol during the organogenic period, while those from group F exposed only during the last stage of pregnancy. Blood alcohol levels were determined both at the end of 42 days before pregnancy, and on days 3, 7, 14 and 19 of gestation. The brain content of total DNA and proteins was measured, along with the cell size of fetal tissues. Non-parametric statistics were applied, considering the litter as unit, and 5% as the significant level. Prenatal ethanol exposure was associated with a cell size, total DNA, and cerebral protein content all significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) than in non-alcoholic groups. These facts strongly suggest that the critical period for growth retardation associated with FAS may be situated at the end of pregnancy, when metabolic disturbances of the brain could also arise, while major external malformations are likely to be produced during organogenesis