Correlation of cosmic-ray intensity and solar activity

The present International Geophysical Year was chosen to include the most likely period of maximum activity of the sun. It is probably too early to tell whether or not the maximum of the current cycle has yet been reached, but it is already certain that the yearly average of the Zurich sunspot numbers for 1957 is much higher than ever before observed.(1) It is therefore of interest to see what has been the effect on cosmic rays

Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory – Clinician Rated Version (EPSI-CRV)

The files in this record contain supplemental information about the EPSI-CRV including: a copy of the EPSI-CRV, suggested training plan, training videos with an example of completed ratings, and a list of items that were removed during the final development process.The Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory – Clinician Rated Version (EPSI-CRV) is a semi-structured interview that was designed to assess dimensional constructs of eating-disorder psychopathology and generate current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual- Fifth Edition (DSM-5) eating-disorder diagnoses. The EPSI-CRV is based on the self-report version of the EPSI (Forbush et al., 2013). There are 13 modules (or sections) within the EPSI-CRV. Eight modules measure content that is assessed in the self-report version of the EPSI, including: Body Dissatisfaction, Binge Eating, Cognitive Restraint, Excessive Exercise, Restricting, Purging, Muscle Building, and Negative Attitudes Towards Obesity. Five additional modules are included to derive DSM-5 diagnoses. The five DSM-5 modules include: Subjective Binge Episodes, Binge Eating Disorder, Low Weight, Overvaluation of Weight and Shape, and Fear of Weight Gain. The average administration time is approximately 38 minutes. The EPSI-CRV is designed to be used by clinicians and researchers working with adults with eating disorders across a range of settings. The interview may be useful for making admissions decisions, treatment planning, and discharge planning, as well as for research studies

Evaluating associations between fitspiration and thinspiration content on Instagram and disordered-eating behaviors using ecological momentary assessment: A registered report

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Christensen, KA, Forbush, KT, Cushing, CC, Lejuez, CW, Fleming, KK, Swinburne Romine, RE. Evaluating associations between fitspiration and thinspiration content on Instagram and disordered-eating behaviors using ecological momentary assessment: A registered report. Int J Eat Disord. 2021; 54: 1307– 1315. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23518, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23518. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.Introduction Greater use of appearance-focused social media, such as Instagram, is associated with increased body dissatisfaction and eating disorder (ED) symptoms; however, questions remain about the mechanism connecting social media use to disordered-eating behaviors (DEBs). The proposed study evaluates how and for whom exposure to fitspiration or thinspiration on Instagram is associated with DEBs. Methods We will evaluate a hypothesized pathway from Instagram use to disordered-eating mediated by negative affect. We will test how individual differences in internalized weight stigma, trait self-esteem, and trait self-comparison moderate the pathway from social media use to negative affect. We will recruit 175 undergraduate women who report engaging in DEBs on average at least once per week over the past 3 months. Participants will complete a 7-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, during which they will report their Instagram use, affect, and engagement in DEBs. Results Multi-level modeling will be used to assess moderated mediation. Results from this study will provide increased specificity about how Instagram usage is linked to eating pathology and who may be most vulnerable to experiencing distress. Discussion Information about negative affect from Instagram and engagement in DEBs could contribute to the development of Just-In-Time Interventions for problematic social media use

The Athletes\u27 Relationships with Training Scale (ART): A Self-Report Measure of Unhealthy Training Behaviors Associated with Eating Disorders

Objective: Several studies indicate that eating-disorder (ED) psychopathology is elevated in athletes compared to non-athletes. The assessment of excessive exercise among athletes is a challenge because, compared to non-athletes, athletes are required to train at higher intensities and for longer periods of time. However, individuals participating in competitive sports are still susceptible to unhealthy physical-activity patterns. Most ED assessments were developed and normed in non-athlete samples and, therefore, do not capture the nuances of athletes\u27 training experiences. The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a clinically useful, self-report measure of unhealthy training behaviors and beliefs in athletes, the Athletes\u27 Relationships with Training Scale (ART). Method: The initial item pool was administered to N = 267 women collegiate athletes who were participating in an ED prevention program study and N = 65 women athletes who were in ED treatment. Results: Factor analyses indicated the ART had a four-factor structure. Factorial and construct validity of the ART were demonstrated. ART scores significantly predicted health care utilization and differed between athletes with an ED versus athletes without an ED. For athletes in ED treatment, ART scores significantly decreased from treatment admission to discharge. Discussion: The ART showed evidence of strong psychometric properties and clinical utility. The ART could be helpful for clinicians and athletic trainers to help gauge whether athletes are engaging in unhealthy training practices that may warrant clinical attention and for tracking clinical outcomes in athletes with EDs who are receiving treatment