Wave-like Solutions for Bianchi type-I cosmologies in 5D

We derive exact solutions to the vacuum Einstein field equations in 5D, under the assumption that (i) the line element in 5D possesses self-similar symmetry, in the classical understanding of Sedov, Taub and Zeldovich, and that (ii) the metric tensor is diagonal and independent of the coordinates for ordinary 3D space. These assumptions lead to three different types of self-similarity in 5D: homothetic, conformal and "wave-like". In this work we present the most general wave-like solutions to the 5D field equations. Using the standard technique based on Campbell's theorem, they generate a large number of anisotropic cosmological models of Bianchi type-I, which can be applied to our universe after the big-bang, when anisotropies could have played an important role. We present a complete review of all possible cases of self-similar anisotropic cosmologies in 5D. Our analysis extends a number of previous studies on wave-like solutions in 5D with spatial spherical symmetry

Leibniz algebroid associated with a Nambu-Poisson structure

The notion of Leibniz algebroid is introduced, and it is shown that each Nambu-Poisson manifold has associated a canonical Leibniz algebroid. This fact permits to define the modular class of a Nambu-Poisson manifold as an appropiate cohomology class, extending the well-known modular class of Poisson manifolds

Institutional Goal Priorities in Texas: A Look at an Associate Degree Nursing Program

Trends indicate that Texans will enter community colleges seeking the skills and competencies needed to survive in today’s highly technical work environments. Nursing and allied health occupations are expected to account for 54,500 of the projected 10.3 million jobs avaiIable in the Texas workforce in the year 2000. The educational trend prompted by the need for a quality workforce in Texas mandates that community colleges establish institutional goal priorities among major constituent groups to maintain program effectiveness. This study examined the current and preferred importance of institutional goals among four community college associate degree nursing constituent groups: advisory board members, college administrators, faculty, and final semester students

Incorporating Rapid Prototyping Into the Engineering Design Curriculum

This article shows how rapid prototyping technology (RPT) can be successfully integrated into the drafting and design curriculum.  RPT can add excitement and realism to the curriculum by transforming student;s 3-D CAD designs into 3-D working models in matter of hours.  Students can use these prototypes to verify machine part design in terms of form, fit and limited functional testing.  At Southwest Texas State University a Helisys Laminated Object Manufacturing rapid prototyping machine has been effectively incorporated into a sophomore level engineering design graphics course.  In this paper the instructional modules that are used in this course are described.  Additionally, a case study is presented to illustrate the culmination of the course: the creation of a working model of multiple part assembly through use of RPT

Levi-Civita spacetimes in multidimensional theories

We obtain the most general static cylindrically symmetric vacuum solutions of the Einstein field equations in $(4 + N)$ dimensions. Under the assumption of separation of variables, we construct a family of Levi-Civita-Kasner vacuum solutions in $(4 + N)$. We discuss the dimensional reduction of the static solutions. Depending on the reduction procedure, they can be interpreted either as a scalar-vacuum generalization of Levi-Civita spacetimes, or as the effective 4D vacuum spacetime outside of an idealized string in braneworld theory.Comment: 7 pages. Accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett. A (MPLA

Brane world solutions of perfect fluid in the background of a bulk containing dust or cosmological constant

The paper presents some solutions to the five dimensional Einstein equations due to a perfect fluid on the brane with pure dust filling the entire bulk in one case and a cosmological constant (or vacuum) in the bulk for the second case. In the first case, there is a linear relationship between isotropic pressure, energy density and the brane tension, while in the second case, the perfect fluid is assumed to be in the form of chaplygin gas. Cosmological solutions are found both for brane and bulk scenarios and some interesting features are obtained for the chaplygin gas on the brane which are distinctly different from the standard cosmology in four dimensions.Comment: 10 Latex pages, 5 figure

An exact self-similar solution for an expanding ball of radiation

We give an exact solution of the $5D$ Einstein equations which in 4D can be interpreted as a spherically symmetric dissipative distribution of matter, with heat flux, whose effective density and pressure are nonstatic, nonuniform, and satisfy the equation of state of radiation. The matter satisfies the usual energy and thermodynamic conditions. The energy density and temperature are related by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The solution admits a homothetic Killing vector in $5D$, which induces the existence of self-similar symmetry in 4D, where the line element as well as the dimensionless matter quantities are invariant under a simple "scaling" group.Comment: New version expanded and improved. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Exterior spacetime for stellar models in 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein gravity

It is well-known that Birkhoff's theorem is no longer valid in theories with more than four dimensions. Thus, in these theories the effective 4-dimensional picture allows the existence of different possible, non-Schwarzschild, scenarios for the description of the spacetime outside of a spherical star, contrary to general relativity in 4D. We investigate the exterior spacetime of a spherically symmetric star in the context of Kaluza-Klein gravity. We take a well-known family of static spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations in an empty five-dimensional universe, and analyze possible stellar exteriors that are conformal to the metric induced on four-dimensional hypersurfaces orthogonal to the extra dimension. All these exteriors are continuously matched with the interior of the star. Then, without making any assumptions about the interior solution, we prove the following statement: the condition that in the weak-field limit we recover the usual Newtonian physics singles out an unique exterior. This exterior is "similar" to Scharzschild vacuum in the sense that it has no effect on gravitational interactions. However, it is more realistic because instead of being absolutely empty, it is consistent with the existence of quantum zero-point fields. We also examine the question of how would the deviation from the Schwarzschild vacuum exterior affect the parameters of a neutron star. In the context of a model star of uniform density, we show that the general relativity upper limit M/R < 4/9 is significantly increased as we go away from the Schwarzschild vacuum exterior. We find that, in principle, the compactness limit of a star can be larger than 1/2, without being a black hole. The generality of our approach is also discussed.Comment: Typos corrected. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravit