(E)-6-Chloro-2-(furan-2-yl­methyl­idene)-2,3,4,9-tetra­hydro-1H-carbazol-1-one

In the title compound, C17H12ClNO2, the carbazole unit is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.052 (1) Å]. The pyrrole ring makes dihedral angles of 1.92 (8) and 4.71 (11)° with the benzene and furan rings, respectively. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(10) rings in the crystal structure

Detection of various virulence factors in high level aminoglycoside resistance and vancomycin resistant enterococci isolates of uropathogenic Enterococci

Background: Enterococci are common commensal organism of enteric tract and act as opportunistic pathogen and may cause infection in community as well as in hospitalised individuals. In present study association of several types of virulence factors like haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm formation have been studied among HLAR and Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) isolates of enterococci among UTI patients.Methods: The samples were collected from all hospitalized and OPD patients of MBS Hospital, JK Lone Hospital and NMC Hospital. Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India. A total of 360 isolates of enterococcus were collected during the period of 2 years from April 2016 to April 2018 in microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India. All virulence factors were detected by phenotypic methods and MIC values were detected for high level gentamicin and vancomycin.Results: Among all enterococcal isolates most common factor was biofilm production 191 (53.05%) followed by haemolysin 131 (36.38%) and gelatinase production 72 (20%). Total resistant (MIC> 500 µg/ml) isolates for gentamicin was 194 (89.4%). In agar dilution 14 (11.2%) isolates were found sensitive, 61 (48.8%) isolates were found intermediate and 50 (40%) isolates were found to be resistant for vancomycin. HLAR and VRE was maximum associated with haemolysin + bio-film followed by gelatinase+biofilm, haemolysin+gelatinase+bio- film and least with haemolysin + gelatinase.Conclusions: In present study enterococcus show significant production of biofilm and other virulence factors. With production of biofilm they become more resistant to routinely used concentration of antibiotics posing threat for treatment failure. A continuous monitoring is needed particularly for resistance to aminoglycoside and vancomycin to stop their institutional spread. Judicial use of antibiotics should be encouraged both in community as well as in institutions

(E)-2-(Furan-2-yl­methyl­idene)-8-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetra­hydro-1H-carbazol-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C18H15NO2, the carbazole unit is not planar [maximum deviation from mean plane = 0.236 (2) Å]. The pyrrole ring makes dihedral angles of 1.21 (10) and 16.74 (12)° with the benzene and the furan rings, respectively. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(10) loops

How do general practitioners experience providing care to refugees with mental health problems? A qualitative study from Denmark

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Next-to-soft radiation from a different angle

Soft and collinear radiation in collider processes can be described in a universal way, that is independent of the underlying process. Recent years have seen a number of approaches for probing whether radiation beyond the leading soft approximation can also be systematically classified. In this paper, we study a formula that captures the leading next-to-soft QCD radiation affecting processes with both final- and initial-state partons, by shifting the momenta in the nonradiative squared amplitude. We first examine W+jet production, and show that a previously derived formula of this type indeed holds in the case in which massive color singlet particles are present in the final state. Next, we develop a physical understanding of the momentum shifts, showing precisely how they disrupt the well-known angular ordering property of leading soft radiation

Nanoencapsulation of bacteriophages in liposomes prepared using microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing

Increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms has led to renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy in both humans and animals. A ‘Trojan Horse’ approach utilising liposome encapsulated phages may facilitate access to phagocytic cells infected with intracellular pathogens residing therein, e.g. to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria, Salmonella and Staphyloccocus. Additionally, liposome encapsulated phages may adhere to and diffuse within mucosa harbouring resistant bacteria which are challenges in treating respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Orally delivered phages tend to have short residence times in the gastrointestinal tract due to clinical symptoms such as diarrhoea; this may be addressed through mucoadhesion of liposomes. In the present study we have evaluated the use of a microfluidic based technique for the encapsulation of bacteriophages in liposomes having mean sizes between 100–300 nm. Encapsulation of two model phages was undertaken, an Escherichia coli T3 podovirus (size ~65 nm) and a myovirus Staphylococcus aureus phage K (capsid head ~80 nm and phage tail length ~200 nm). The yield of encapsulated T3 phages was 109 PFU/ml and for phage K was much lower at 105 PFU/ml. The encapsulation yield for E. coli T3 phages was affected by aggregation of T3 phages. S. aureus phage K was found to interact with the liposome lipid bilayer resulting in large numbers of phages bound to the outside of the formed liposomes instead of being trapped inside them. We were able to inactivate the liposome bound S. aureus K phages whilst retaining the activity of the encapsulated phages in order to estimate the yield of microfluidic encapsulation of large tailed phages. Previous published studies on phage encapsulation in liposomes may have overestimated the yield of encapsulated tailed phages. This overestimation may affect the efficacy of phage dose delivered at the site of infection. Externally bound phages would be inactivated in the stomach acid resulting in low doses of phages delivered at the site of infection further downstream in the gastrointestinal tract

Using a One-Stop-Shop Concept to Guide Decisions When Single-Family Houses Are Renovated

One way of reducing the use of fossil fuels in Denmark is to explore possible energy savings in the building stock, especially the large number of single-family houses built from 1960 through 1980. Energy renovation in this housing segment is progressing slowly. The aim of this project was to determine how a one-stop-shop (OSS) or full-service concept could be used to guide the extensive energy renovation of single-family houses. The purpose was partly to identify the benefits and disadvantages of using the concept and partly to evaluate the potential of the OSS concept for increasing the degree of renovation. The scope of the project was to carry out renovations on up to three houses. The project revealed that the concept on its own was not enough to motivate the house owners to engage in extensive renovation. However, interviews with the house owners indicated that the renovations that took place had probably been expanded and improved with the use of the concept and that the renovations in general benefitted from an independent adviser