70,206 research outputs found
Discussion of: A statistical analysis of multiple temperature proxies: Are reconstructions of surface temperatures over the last 1000 years reliable?
Discussion of "A statistical analysis of multiple temperature proxies: Are
reconstructions of surface temperatures over the last 1000 years reliable?" by
B.B. McShane and A.J. Wyner [arXiv:1104.4002]Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS398F the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Spin Effects in the Local Density of States of GaAs
We present spin-resolved measurements of the local density of states in Si
doped GaAs. Both spin components exhibit strong mesoscopic fluctuations. In the
magnetic quantum limit, the main features of the spin-up and spin-down
components of the local density of states are found to be identical apart from
Zeeman splitting. Based on this observation, we introduce a mesoscopic method
to measure the -factor in a material where macroscopic methods are severely
restricted by disorder. Differences between the spin-up and spin-down
components are discussed in terms of spin relaxation due to spin-orbit
coupling.Comment: 4 pages and 5 figure
Equation of state of two--dimensional He at zero temperature
We have performed a Quantum Monte Carlo study of a two-dimensional bulk
sample of interacting 1/2-spin structureless fermions, a model of He
adsorbed on a variety of preplated graphite substrates. We have computed the
equation of state and the polarization energy using both the standard
fixed-node approximate technique and a formally exact methodology, relying on
bosonic imaginary-time correlation functions of operators suitably chosen in
order to extract fermionic energies. As the density increases, the fixed-node
approximation predicts a transition to an itinerant ferromagnetic fluid,
whereas the unbiased methodology indicates that the paramagnetic fluid is the
stable phase until crystallization takes place. We find that two-dimensional
He at zero temperature crystallizes from the paramagnetic fluid at a
density of 0.061 \AA with a narrow coexistence region of about 0.002
\AA. Remarkably, the spin susceptibility turns out in very good
agreement with experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
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Agricultural management and plant selection interactively affect rhizosphere microbial community structure and nitrogen cycling.
BACKGROUND:Rhizosphere microbial communities are key regulators of plant performance, yet few studies have assessed the impact of different management approaches on the rhizosphere microbiomes of major crops. Rhizosphere microbial communities are shaped by interactions between agricultural management and host selection processes, but studies often consider these factors individually rather than in combination. We tested the impacts of management (M) and rhizosphere effects (R) on microbial community structure and co-occurrence networks of maize roots collected from long-term conventionally and organically managed maize-tomato agroecosystems. We also explored the interaction between these factors (M × R) and how it impacts rhizosphere microbial diversity and composition, differential abundance, indicator taxa, co-occurrence network structure, and microbial nitrogen-cycling processes. RESULTS:Host selection processes moderate the influence of agricultural management on rhizosphere microbial communities, although bacteria and fungi respond differently to plant selection and agricultural management. We found that plants recruit management-system-specific taxa and shift N-cycling pathways in the rhizosphere, distinguishing this soil compartment from bulk soil. Rhizosphere microbiomes from conventional and organic systems were more similar in diversity and network structure than communities from their respective bulk soils, and community composition was affected by both M and R effects. In contrast, fungal community composition was affected only by management, and network structure only by plant selection. Quantification of six nitrogen-cycling genes (nifH, amoA [bacterial and archaeal], nirK, nrfA, and nosZ) revealed that only nosZ abundance was affected by management and was higher in the organic system. CONCLUSIONS:Plant selection interacts with conventional and organic management practices to shape rhizosphere microbial community composition, co-occurrence patterns, and at least one nitrogen-cycling process. Reframing research priorities to better understand adaptive plant-microbe feedbacks and include roots as a significant moderating influence of management outcomes could help guide plant-oriented strategies to improve productivity and agroecosystem sustainability
Excess low energy photon pairs from pion annihilation at the chiral phase transition
The photon pair production by pion annihilation in a hot and dense medium at
the chiral phase transition is investigated within a chiral quark model. As a
direct consequence of this transition the meson appears as a bound
state in the domain of temperatures and chemical potentials where the condition
is fulfilled. This effect results in a
strong enhancement of the cross section for the pion annihilation process compared with the vacuum case. The calculation of the photon
pair production rate as function of the invariant mass shows a strong
enhancement and narrowing of the meson resonance at threshold due to
chiral symmetry restoration.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures, Phys. Lett.
Pfaffian pairing wave functions in electronic structure quantum Monte Carlo
We investigate the accuracy of trial wave function for quantum Monte Carlo
based on pfaffian functional form with singlet and triplet pairing. Using a set
of first row atoms and molecules we find that these wave functions provide very
consistent and systematic behavior in recovering the correlation energies on
the level of 95%. In order to get beyond this limit we explore the
possibilities of multi-pfaffian pairing wave functions. We show that a small
number of pfaffians recovers another large fraction of the missing correlation
energy comparable to the larger-scale configuration interaction wave functions.
We also find that pfaffians lead to substantial improvements in fermion nodes
when compared to Hartree-Fock wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, submitted to PR
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