Determine utility of ERTS-1 to detect and monitor area strip mining and reclamation

There are no author-identified significant results in this report. Analysis of the strip mine records and aerial photos in the test site (five counties in southeastern Ohio) indicate rapidly increasing stripping in the past few years. The mines are large enough to be detected and their gross characteristics observed in the ERTS-1 imagery. Progress in adapting the Bendix ground station to handling ERTS-1 computer compatible tapes is described

Fitness Norms for the Plank Exercise

PURPOSE: Adequate strength of core musculature is critical for optimal physical performance and postural control. Currently, standards for core musculature strength and stability have not been established. This study sought to determine normative fitness measurements of core musculature endurance using the plank exercise. METHODS: 168 collegiate male and female participants (18-25 years of age) were recruited. Participants were instructed in plank positioning; elbows bent at 90° directly below the shoulders, hands unclasped, feet placed hip width apart with ankles at 90° and pelvis tilted in the neutral position. After a 5-minute warm-up, participants were told to maintain the plank position as long as possible until complete fatigue was reached. The test was terminated if proper form was broken. The total time held in proper plank position was recorded. RESULTS: The mean time held in the plank position was 96.25 + 43.16 and 116.58 + 65.49 seconds for females and males, respectively. For females, quartiles showed that the 25th percentile was 63 seconds, the 50th percentile was 90 seconds, while the 75th percentile was 121 seconds. Quartiles for males were 77seconds, 106 seconds and 128.5 seconds for the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study provides normative values for the plank exercise that can be added to current fitness appraisal protocols to assess core muscular endurance. These data suggest that 1.50 minutes in females and 1.77 minutes in males (50th percentile values) could be considered average duration of the plank exercise for this age group

Helmet latching and attaching ring

A neck ring releasably secured to a pressurized garment carries an open-ended ring normally in the engagement position fitted into an annular groove and adapted to fit into a complementary annular groove formed in a helmet. Camming means formed on the inner surface at the end of the helmet engages the open-ended ring to retract the same and allow for one motion donning even when the garment is pressurized. A projection on the end of the split ring is engageable to physically retract the split ring

Utilization of ERTS-1 data to monitor and classify eutrophication of inland lakes

A technique is being developed for use of ERTS in estimating and monitoring trophic levels of inland lakes. Preliminary findings are that Michigan lakes and ponds of one acre or more are resolvable in bands 5, 6 and 7 of NASA MSS imagery under fair conditions (haze and 70% cloud cover). In processed imagery (CCT) smaller features, including water color patterns, are evident within some lakes of 40 acres or more. Image distortion of lake size, shape, orientation, etc. is minimal; discrimination of lakes and ponds from various wetlands is good. Subsequent ERTS and aircraft imagery will be correlated with detailed ground truth of water color and quality in eutrophic test lakes

ERTS-1 investigation of ecological effects of strip mining in eastern Ohio

Evidence is presented of ERTS capability to detect, map and monitor the effects of strip mining. Both enlarge ERTS imagery and statistically processed outline maps and imagery of stripped earth and standing water are compared to aerial photos of a strip mine near Coshocton, Ohio. The outline maps and decision imagery are at present limited to forming a disruption map of recently mined and unreclaimed earth and the resultant standing water within the mined area. It is planned to prepare a map of the reclaimed areas (reclamation map) within the stripped area and to detect and identify ecological effects such as vegetation kills and stream sedimentation external to the stripped areas

Automated land-use mapping from spacecraft data

The author has identified the following significant results. In response to the need for a faster, more economical means of producing land use maps, this study evaluated the suitability of using ERTS-1 computer compatible tape (CCT) data as a basis for automatic mapping. Significant findings are: (1) automatic classification accuracy greater than 90% is achieved on categories of deep and shallow water, tended grass, rangeland, extractive (bare earth), urban, forest land, and nonforested wet lands; (2) computer-generated printouts by target class provide a quantitative measure of land use; and (3) the generation of map overlays showing land use from ERTS-1 CCTs offers a significant breakthrough in the rate at which land use maps are generated. Rather than uncorrected classified imagery or computer line printer outputs, the processing results in geometrically-corrected computer-driven pen drawing of land categories, drawn on a transparent material at a scale specified by the operator. These map overlays are economically produced and provide an efficient means of rapidly updating maps showing land use

Time deposits in monetary analysis

Certificates of deposit ; Savings accounts

Health and wellbeing

Key findings • Young people’s own understandings of wellbeing are ignored in current policy responses. • Young people’s personal development and the strength of social ties made over time in the UK fundamentally affect their wellbeing and the feasibility of return to countries of origin. • Key aspects of immigration and asylum policies impact negatively on young people’s mental health and wellbeing. • Young people with precarious legal status struggle to access basic health and wellbeing services. • Education and learning are key elements of wellbeing but frequently disrupted once young people become ‘adult’

The health and wellbeing outcomes of former 'unaccompanied minors': Shifting contours of vulnerability and precarity

Institutional definitions of vulnerability and the governed responses to it have significant implications for young people in transition. This chapter considers the challenges to young people’s wellbeing as they make the complex shift in status from the ‘unaccompanied child’ to that of ‘adult’ within immigration and social care systems. At this juncture, ‘vulnerability’ takes on very different economic, social and political meanings and associations. While young people may no longer meet the institutional criteria of the ‘vulnerable child’ (in need of care and protection), paradoxically they may become more vulnerable as they encounter multiple changes and uncertainties as young ‘adults’ with undetermined immigration status. Drawing on emerging themes from ongoing research, this chapter outlines the multiplicity of interacting factors influencing young people’s wellbeing and vulnerability to adversity (Thomson 2011; Hardgrove et al. 2014). In doing so, it draws distinction between vulnerability, precariousness and precarity in the context of these young people’s lives, arguing that refocusing the lens away from individualised factors and circumstances associated with vulnerability towards broader questions of precariousness and the politics of precarity forces a reconsideration of policies and practices that fundamentally determine young people’s wellbeing outcomes