Influence of the Stimulation Current on the Differences between Cell and Tissue Electrophysiological Simulations

This study compares stimulation waveforms for single-cell simulations. The alternatives include monophasic and biphasic current pulses, and a new waveform that resembles the transmembrane current responsible for conduction in tissue. Results indicate that the new stimulation produces the lowest mismatch between action potential markers simulated in cell and in tissue. In comparison with the monophasic stimulation, the new stimulation reduced cell-fiber differences by 99% for triangulation, by 95% for maximum transmembrane voltage, and by 76% for the maximum voltage slope. In conclusion, the new stimulation waveform could help to improve the trustworthiness of single-cell simulations in studies involving tissue-derived markers

Hacia un corpus lingüístico del gracioso moretiano en las comedias palatinas

El gracioso moretiano goza de gran número de peculiaridades entre las que destacan su agudeza de ingenio y su vocabulario. En la mayoría de las obras del dramaturgo disfruta de un protagonismo relevante, aunque este aspecto no es tan claro en sus comedias palatinas. A través de un elenco de diez obras del autor —y de diversos géneros—, entre las que se encuentran cuatro palatinas, se analiza el corpus lingüístico del gracioso de forma comparativa y cuantitativa —posible por el uso de nuevas herramientas informáticas—, con el fin de realizar una primera aproximación al repertorio léxico del personaje moretiano. Desde esta perspectiva, se delimita el vocabulario específico del gracioso en las comedias palatinas.The humorous Moretian possesses a great number of singularities among which his acuity and language are outstanding. In the majority of the dramatist’s plays, he enjoys a relevant leading role, although this aspect is not so clear in his palatine comedies. The linguistic corpus of the humorous is analyzed from a comparative and a quantitative perspective through a list of ten plays, written by the author —and of diverse genres—, among which the four palatines can be found. This is feasible for the use of new software tools, in order to make a first approach to the lexical repertoire of the Moretian character. From this perspective, specific vocabulary of the humorous in the palatine comedies is limited

Towards data-aware cost-driven adaptation for service orchestrations.

Several activities in service oriented computing, such as automatic composition, monitoring, and adaptation, can benefit from knowing properties of a given service composition before executing them. Among these properties we will focus on those related to execution cost and resource usage, in a wide sense, as they can be linked to QoS characteristics. In order to attain more accuracy, we formulate execution costs / resource usage as functions on input data (or appropriate abstractions thereof) and show how these functions can be used to make better, more informed decisions when performing composition, adaptation, and proactive monitoring. We present an approach to, on one hand, synthesizing these functions in an automatic fashion from the definition of the different orchestrations taking part in a system and, on the other hand, to effectively using them to reduce the overall costs of non-trivial service-based systems featuring sensitivity to data and possibility of failure. We validate our approach by means of simulations of scenarios needing runtime selection of services and adaptation due to service failure. A number of rebinding strategies, including the use of cost functions, are compared

New lines of evidence in the study of the pre-hispanic occupation of the archaeological area Los Colorados

Se presentan los resultados preliminares de la primera prospección realizada en la localidad arqueológica Los Colorados. Su objetivo fue integrar la información ya conocida sobre los bloques y paredes con arte rupestre con nuevas líneas de evidencia. Sobre la base de las concentraciones de materiales arqueológicos y otros rasgos asociados con ellas se aislaron seis polígonos en los que se observó la tendencia a utilizar espacios reparados al pie de los afloramientos para la ubicación de los asentamientos, situados cercanos a los bloques con arte rupestre, aunque no inmediatamente asociados a estos. Estos primeros resultados permiten plantear la hipótesis de que la localidad Los Colorados pudo haber funcionado como un espacio compartido estacionalmente por diferentes grupos, posiblemente destinado a actividades estacionales como la obtención de ciertos recursos silvestres. Los motivos de arte rupestre registrados en esta localidad reflejan una parte del repertorio identificado a nivel regional, lo que le daría sustento a esta idea.In this article we present the preliminary results of the first survey evidence in the archaeological area Los Colorados. The article’s objective is to integrate previous information on rock art with new lines of evidence. Based on artifact concentrations and other features, six polygons with occupation evidence were demarcated. These areas are protected by rock outcrops and near, but not immediately adjacent, to boulders with rock art. Analysis of the material evidence allows us to hypothesize that Los Colorados was a space shared by different groups and used seasonally to obtain resources. The rock art representations represent part of the iconographic diversity known from the region, supporting this idea.Fil: Guraieb, A. Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (Argentina).Fil: Falchi, María Pía. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (Argentina).Fil: Rambla, Marcos J.. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (Argentina).Fil: Carro, E. Diana. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (Argentina).Fil: Pérez Massone, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (Argentina)

Combining static analysis and profiling for estimating execution times in logic programs

Effective static analyses have been proposed which allow inferring functions which bound the number of resolutions or reductions. These have the advantage of being independent from the platform on which the programs are executed and such bounds have been shown useful in a number of applications, such as granularity control in parallel execution. On the other hand, in certain distributed computation scenarios where different platforms come into play, with each platform having different capabilities, it is more interesting to express costs in metrics that include the characteristics of the platform. In particular, it is specially interesting to be able to infer upper and lower bounds on actual execution time. With this objective in mind, we propose a method which allows inferring upper and lower bounds on the execution times of procedures of a program in a given execution platform. The approach combines compile-time cost bounds analysis with a one-time profiling of the platform in order to determine the values of certain constants for that platform. These constants calibrate a cost model which from then on is able to compute statically time bound functions for procedures and to predict with a significant degree of accuracy the execution times of such procedures in the given platform. The approach has been implemented and integrated in the CiaoPP system

Towards execution time estimation for logic programs via static analysis and profiling

Effective static analyses have been proposed which infer bounds on the number of resolutions or reductions. These have the advantage of being independent from the platform on which the programs are executed and have been shown to be useful in a number of applications, such as granularity control in parallel execution. On the other hand, in distributed computation scenarios where platforms with different capabilities come into play, it is necessary to express costs in metrics that include the characteristics of the platform. In particular, it is specially interesting to be able to infer upper and lower bounds on actual execution times. With this objective in mind, we propose an approach which combines compile-time analysis for cost bounds with a one-time profiling of the platform in order to determine the valúes of certain parameters for a given platform. These parameters calíbrate a cost model which, from then on, is able to compute statically time bound functions for procedures and to predict with a significant degree of accuracy the execution times of such procedures in the given platform. The approach has been implemented and integrated in the CiaoPP system

Use of tomato and cucumber horticulture by-products in goat diets: effects o nrumen fermentation and microbial communities in batch and continuous cultures

Two in vitro experiments were conducted to analyse the effects of replacing dietary barley grain with wastes of tomato and cucumber fruits and a 1 : 1 tomato : cucumber mixture on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial abundance. The control (CON) substrate contained 250 g/kg of barley grain on a dry matter (DM) basis, and another 15 substrates were formulated by replacing 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 g of barley grain/kg with the same amount (DM basis) of tomato or cucumber fruits or 1 : 1 tomato : cucumber mixture. In Expt 1, all substrates were incubated in batch cultures with rumen micro-organisms from goats for 24 h. Increasing amounts of tomato, cucumber and the mixture of both fruits in the substrate increased final pH and gas production, without changes in final ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations, substrate degradability and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, indicating that there were no detrimental effects of any waste fruits on rumen fermentation. Therefore, in Expt 2 the substrates including 250 g of waste fruits (T250, C250 and M250 for tomato, cucumber and the mixture of both fruits, respectively) and the CON substrate were incubated in single-flow continuous-culture fermenters for 8 days. Total VFA production did not differ among substrates, but there were differences in VFA profile. Molar proportions of propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate were lower and acetate : propionate ratio was greater for T250 compared with CON substrate. Fermentation of substrates containing cucumber (C250 and M250) resulted in lower proportions of acetate, isobutyrate and isovalerate and acetate : propionate ratio, but greater butyrate proportions than the CON substrate. Carbohydrate degradability and microbial N synthesis tended to be lower for substrates containing cucumber than for the CON substrate, but there were no differences between CON and T250 substrates. Abundance of total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, fungi, methanogenic archaea and protozoa were similar in fermenters fed T250 and CON substrates, but fermenters fed C250 and M250 substrates had lower abundances of R. flavefaciens, fungi and protozoa than those fed the CON substrate. Results indicated that tomato fruits could replace dietary barley grain up to 250 g/kg of substrate DM without noticeable effects on rumen fermentation and microbial populations, but the inclusion of cucumber fruits at 250 g/kg of substrate DM negatively affected some microbial populations as it tended to reduce microbial N synthesis and changed the VFA profile. More studies are needed to identify the dietary inclusion level of cucumber which produces no detrimental effects on rumen fermentation and microbial growth