Characteristics of business culture of Georgia and it influence on development of national style of management

Decision making characteristics depends on the culture of the Country. For example: European tradition consists of considering the experience of old entrepreneur and professional management, solving the decisions in details and orienting on its quality. American managers are oriented on future perspectives; they are more quickly making the decisions and give important to the fact of decision itself instead of documenting it. This characteristic is more valued in countries of Latin America where the subordinates are looking for quick right decision making from their authorities. Georgian management have tendency that is neutralized by irrational results of decision making. It can be expressed with the following words “Wait and see”. Georgian skips the cardinal measurements for solving the serious problem and gives priority to the palliative decision making. One of the main aspects of the management style represents its democratic quality. One division represents authority decision (jointly democracy - autocracy) and rule for making the decision (jointly democracy-participation). Caesarian style is connected on direct usage of the force or threat. Democratic leader on the other hand makes accent on the majority of the voices during voting process.Decision making rule is based on managerialism of the employees and their bordering process. Inclusion is accomplished in the different ways. Authority can receive consultation personally from the employee or in front of group of employees or transfer the right for decision making.In the research of professor Orphan is given examples when South African and North American companies were in the same conditions (low concurrency) having different organization for making the decision. Decision making of South African companies is more centralized and so they are more successful while the North American management culture is based on individual employee’s responsibilities which is connected to the decision making authority. In conclusion can be said that the national culture has the influence on the management style as they represent the element of management. On the authority style valuation system has the influence, different intensity of the requirements, country picture, peculiarity of the acknowledgment process, risk perception and the artificial forms of communication of management and personality

A descriptive account of agentless constructions in Sylheti: passive, impersonal, and anticausative

We identify three constructions in Sylheti which license the non-mention of an agent argument or do not allow the realisation of one. We describe a passive construction, which allows the realisation of an agent followed by the converbial instrumental dia ‘by’, formed with the addition of a nominalizing suffix -a to the verbal root and the tensed passive auxiliary o- ‘become’. The second construction is an impersonal passive with the passive auxiliary za- ‘go’, which does not allow the realisation of an agent argument and gives rise to possibilitative readings. Further, za- also acts as a light verb realised with verbal stems which can take a single argument interpreted as the ‘undergoer’ of the action, achieving an anticausative reading; this construction does not allow the realisation of an agent but does allow the realisation of the cause of the event such as a natural force marked with the agentive/instrumental -e. To describe these three constructions, this paper also provides a brief sketch of the distributional patterns of two Sylheti case markers, namely -e, which surfaces on both agents and instruments, and -re, which attaches to themes/patients, as well as recipients

Experience in using injectable valproic acid (convulex) in patients with serial epileptic seizures and status epilepticus at the prehospital stage

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of injectable valproate (convulex) in patients with serial epileptic seizures and status epilepticus (SE) at the prehospital stage.Patients and methods. Thirty-two adult patients, including 17 (53%) men and 15 (47%) women, were examined. Most patients were aged over 40 years (mean age 54.7±9.4 years). To define the required dose of the drug, the authors estimated the patient's weight that averaged 76.8±1.9 kg, i.e. there was a preponderance of patients who needed convulex, more than 500 mg, to achieve a therapeutic effect.Results. It was impossible to reliably and validly evaluate the type of a seizure as the medical emergency team (MET) generally observed the patient with a just evolving seizure and the medical history data were not always valid therefore the type of convulsions and the type of a seizure were evaluated. In most cases, solitary convulsive attacks (tonic and/or clonic convulsions) and/or serial seizures were observed in 12 (37.5%) and 14 (43.7%) patients, respectively; SE was recorded in 6 (8.8%) patients. Generalized seizures (without a clear focal onset) were prevalent in 24 (75%) patients while 8 (25%) patients were found to have partial seizures (seizure onset lateralization, a focal onset). According to the pattern of convulsions, seizures may be classified into three types: tonic-clonic, clonic, and tonic in 22 (68.8%), 7 (21.9%), and 3 (9.3%) patients, respectively. Analysis of the efficacy of intravenously injectable valproate (convulex) in the group of patients with SE and epileptic seizures indicated that complete cessation of seizures could be achieved in 68.8%, their rate decreased in other 9.4% of the patients. Seizures were preserved in 7 (21.8%) cases, which required additional administration of drugs. Conclusion. Injectable valproic acid (convulex) has a high efficacy and may be preclinically used as the drug of choice to arrest SE and serial seizures caused by both epilepsy and other diseases of the brain. Convulex is easy-to-use (a ready-to-use solution), particularly in the work of MET. The ready-to-use formulation allows for its bolus administration within minutes, the drug does not affect hemodynamic parameters, which is particularly important for elderly patients and children. The administration of convulex makes it possible to prevent respiratory depression and fails to affect the level of patient consciousness