Pregnancy after the age of 35 as a pregnancy of high obstetric risk – the demand for education

AbstractThe age is the basic factor influencing the woman's fertility. The older woman is, the biological fertility is reduced. A  woman reaches the maximum fertility at the age of 20-25 years, after which fertility gradually decreases, until the age of 35, when it drastically decreases.Late motherhood is associated with an increased risk of complications for woman and developing fetus’s health. Pregnancy after the age of 35 is considered a high-risk pregnancy since the possibility of the development of abnormalities in the functioning of the woman's body and the course of pregnancy and childbirth.The phenomenon of postponing motherhood for a time when a woman acquires a good education and a stable financial situation requires undertaking educational and information activities about the biological, psychological and social consequences of late motherhood. It is definitely better to plan maternity at the most optimal age to minimize the risk of pregnancy and health of the child complications

Physical activity in the perinatal period

Regularna aktywność fizyczna jako jeden z podstawowych elementów zdrowego stylu życia jest silnie zalecana kobietom w okresie okołoporodowym. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie form aktywności fizycznej kobiet w okresie okołoporodowym i ich wpływu na zdrowie oraz przebieg tego okresu życia kobiety. Aktywność fizyczna w okresie okołoporodowym jest korzystna dla funkcjonowania wielu układów w organizmie, w tym układu kostno-stawowego, układu mięśniowo-więzadłowego, płucnego i / lub sercowo-naczyniowego. Ma pozytywny wpływ na zdrowie matki i dziecka, zarówno w sferze fizycznej, jak i mentalnej. Kobieta jest spokojna, ponieważ zna ćwiczenia, które umożliwiają lepsze przygotowanie do porodu i połogu. Kobiety mogą wybierać spośród wielu działań, które są bezpieczne dla ciąży i zalecane również w połogu. Mogą brać udział w specjalnych zajęciach organizowanych przez szkoły rodzenia i kluby fitness. Niestety większość kobiet nie jest zainteresowana aktywnością w okresie okołoporodowym

Synthesis, mesogenic and dielectric properties of fluorosubstituted isothiocyanatoterphenyls

The synthesis, mesomorphic and physical properties of 14 homologous series of laterally fluorinated 4ʹ-alkyl-4-isothiocyanatoterphenyls were described. Influence of the number of fluorine atoms and their position in the terphenyl core on the phase transition temperatures, nematic range, dielectric and optic anisotropy as well as bulk viscosity were discussed. The compounds with the most optimal properties for formulation of nematic mixtures were selected, and mixture examples with low viscosity and medium or high birefringence were presented

Relaxation frequencies for flip-flop rotation of three- and four-ring compounds and dual frequency addressing mixtures with high birefringence

Relaxation frequencies $f_{r}$ characterising the molecular rotation around the short axes (flip-flop movement) of 45 three- and four-ring polar compounds with high birefringence (mainly cyclohexyl, phenyl and biphenyl tolanes and quaterphenyls terminated with F, OCF$_{3}$, NCS group) have been measured. These compounds exhibit a large positive dielectric anisotropy $\Delta \epsilon = \epsilon _{\parallel }-\epsilon _{\perp }$ in the nematic phase and relatively low $f_{r}$ values (in the range of dozens kHz). The dependence of $f_{r}$ upon molecular structures and physical properties of systems (molecular rigid core length, polarity and viscosity) is discussed. Mixtures for dual frequencies addressing display with the crossover frequency $f_{\infty }$ of the order of $\sim$ 1 kHz have been prepared by joining the above compounds with a mixture consisted of two, three and four fluoro-substituted in the lateral position tolanes and phenyltolanes showing negative dielectric anisotropy. It was stated that relaxation frequency is correlated mainly with their length and polarity

Terahertz and optical properties of nematic mixtures composed of liquid crystal isothiocyanates, fluorides and cyanides

Several simple nematic eutectic liquid crystal mixtures composed of different two and three ring isothiocyanato compounds as well as mixtures consisting of analogous cyano and fluoro compounds were formulated. The optical properties of the thereby obtained mixtures, i.e. refractive indices, birefringence and absorption coefficients $\alpha _{e}$ and $\alpha _{o}$ are measured in the frequency range between 0.5 and 2.5 THz and in the visible range at 589 nm. Our results show that two mixtures can be identified, which seems particularly promising for applications in the terahertz (THz) range: those consisting only of isothiocyanates show the highest birefringence at THz frequencies while those consisting of isothiocyanates and cyanides have the smallest dichroic ratio over a broad THz range. We also found that in most cases, the absorption coefficients of the isothiocyanato compounds fulfill the relationship $\alpha _{e} > \alpha _{o}$ while for cyano and fluoro compounds, $\alpha _{o} > \alpha _{e}$ is observed as a dominating trend. Furthermore, we show that by carefully selecting constituents of both isothiocyanato and cyano compounds, we can achieve a mixture for which the values of $\alpha _{o}$ are in the same order as for $\alpha _{e}$ for THz frequencies below 2 THz