Fast recognition of marine particles in underwater digital holography

The issue of fast recognition of marine particles in situ by digital holography methods is considered. An algorithm for the classification of marine particles by morphological features is proposed. Preliminary results and estimation of accuracy of the proposed algorithm are presented

Digital holographic camera for plankton monitoring

A submersible digital holographic camera for measuring plankton and other particles is described. The camera provides underwater recording of digital holograms of water volume containing plankton followed by automatic restoration of holographic images of plankton species, determination of their sizes, shapes, and concentrations, and their recognition and classification. Particles with sizes of 200 μm and larger are analyzed. The water volume registered per exposure is about 1 L. The special features of the software for automatic information retrieval from digital holograms are discussed. Examples of application of the camera as an integral part of the hardware-software complex for field measurements are given. Prospects for application of this complex for ecological monitoring are discussed. The recognition criterion of the digital holographic camera and the data volume and the averaging time required for obtaining statistically reliable data on plankton species are also given

Brinzolamide-induced retinopathy in neonatal rats: an alternative animal model of retinal neovascularization

Background and Purpose: Neovascular retinal pathology is steel uncertain. Thus, there is great need to investigate new modeling, diagnostic and treatment technologies. Brinzolamide induces a metabolic acidosis via an alternative biochemical mechanism (bicarbonate loss). In the present study the influence of brinzolamide-induced acidosis on preretinal neovascularization in neonatal rat was investigated. Materials and Methods. In our study we used newborn Wistar rats raised in two litters. Newborn rats (n=17) were randomized to either intraperitoneal brinzolamide in dose 200 mg/kg (n=9) or saline (n=8), twice daily from days 2 to 7. After 5 days of recovery all rats were euthanized. Six paraffin-embedded sections prepared in a standard manner and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. To investigate the damage, we evaluated the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the thicknesses of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL). The cells in GCL and the thicknesses of the IPL, INL, and ONL at a distance between 375 and 625 μm from the optic disc were measured. Results: Preretinal neovascularization was found in 71% retinas, from brinzolamide-injected rats. Cataract formation was detected in 100% eyes after brinzolamide injections. All retinas from saline group were negative for neither neovascularization nor cataract. Brinzolamide rat model retinas showed decrease in the thicknesses of the retinal layers. Conclusion: In the present study, we report that brinzolamide (a drug causing metabolic acidosis primarily by bicarbonate loss) is associated with preretinal neovascularization in the neonatal rat. So this method can be suitable model for other neovascular pathologies of the eye

INTRA-ABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION SYNDROME AFTER REMOVAL OF LARGE AND HUGE POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIAS

23 patients operated on account of large and huge postoperative ventral hernias were examined. It was revealed that in spite of preventive measures realized before the operation the increase of intra-abdominal pressure was registered in 34,8 % of cases. Manifestations of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome appeared in 26 % of patients. Significant connection between the sized of hernial outpouching, diameter of hernial gates and. the level of intra-abdominal hypertension and. also frequency of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome that testifies to the expediency of search of new ways to prevent development of this postoperative complication. Key words: postoperative ventral hernia, intra-abdominal hypertension syndrom

Investigating the protective capacity of polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate against chromium (VI)-induced neurotoxicity of the rat optic nerve

Background: Toxic optic neuropathy commonly develops in the presence of exogenous factors. With progression of the process, acute or chronic progressive death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons develops, leading to partial or total optic atrophy with visual function loss. Investigation of the effect of chromium (VI) on the optic nerve and evaluation of potential pathogenetic treatments of this effect are deemed relevant because of the global environmental crisis associated with pollution from chromium. Purpose: To examine chromium (VI)-induced morphological changes in the rat optic nerve and to experimentally assess the efficacy of polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (PMSPH) for correction of induced changes. Material and Methods: Seventy two white outbred adult male rats were distributed in three groups (24 animals each) given water ad libitum. Animals in group 1 (a control group) were intact and given normal drinking water. Those in group 2 were given chromium (VI) (K2Cr2O7)-enriched (0.02 mol/L) drinking water but not Enterosgel. Animals in group 3 were given K2Cr2O7-enriched (0.02 mol/L) drinking water and treated with oral Enterosgel (0.8 mg/kg). Animals were decapitated under ether anesthesia and the intracranial optic nerve was harvested at three time points (20, 40 and 60 days after initiation of the experiment), and changes in the optic nerve were assessed by histomorphology and electron microscopy. Results: Histomorphology found disrupted and fragmented nerve fibers, edematous connective tissue septa, and diffuse cellular gliosis in day-60 intracranial optic nerve specimens obtained from animals given chromium (VI)-enriched drinking water and not treated with Enterosgel. In addition, there was scanning electron microscopy evidence of electrolyte disbalance and accumulation of chromium (VI). Treatment with Enterosgel completely inhibited the effect of chromium (VI) on the rat optic nerve at days 20 and 40, and we observed only minimal consequences of discirculatory changes in day-60 specimens obtained from animals given chromium (VI)-enriched drinking water and treated with Enterosgel

Pathomorphism of the tumors after radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer

There were evaluated 87 patients with rectal cancer treated with combined method in 2009. The enrolling criteria were: the type of the tumors - adenocarcinomas of the lower or middle thirds of rectum without previous treatment. The patients were divided in four groups. Patients in the first and second groups underwent pre-operative radiotherapy, patients of the third and fourth groups - chemoradioterapy. We used 5-fluorouracil alone or combined with calcium folinate (leucovorine) or mitomicyn C, capecitabine (Xeloda), tegafur, oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) combined with Xeloda. The targets of irradiation were rectum and pelvic lymph nodes. The dose of radiation 38-44Gy was used in the first and third groups and 45-50Gy - in the second and fourth groups. All patients underwent subsequent surgery within 1 month after neoadjuvant therapy. In each case the level of the tumor pathomorfism was evaluated. Pathological complete response was registered more often in second and fourth groups. Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy results in the pathological complete response rate of 20.4% in the fourth group.В исследование включено 87 пациентов прошедших комбинированное лечение по поводу рака прямой кишки в Свердловском областном онкологическом диспансере за 2009г. Критерии включения в исследование были следующие: локализация опухоли в нижне- или среднеампулярном отделах прямой кишки, гистологический тип опухоли — аденокарцинома, отсутствие предшествующего лечения. В зависимости от вида неоадъювантного лечения пациенты были поделены на четыре группы. В плане комбинированного лечения пациентам из первой и второй группы первым этапом была проведена ЛТ. В третьей и четвертой группах - ХЛТ. Использовались следующие химиопрепараты: 5-фторурацил в монорежиме или в комбинации с фолинатом кальция (лейковорин) или митомицином С, капецитабин (Кселода), фторафур, оксалиплатин (Злоксатин) в комбинации с Кселодой. В первой и третьей группе СОД облучения составила 38-44 Гр, во второй и четвертой - 45-50Гр. Операцию выполняли через месяц после окончания ЛТ или ХЛТ. Полный патоморфологический ответ опухоли (ППОО) чаще отмечен во второй и четвертой группах. Частота ППОО в четвертой группе, в которой пациентам проводили предоперационное облучение в СОД более 44Гр с параллельным введением химиопрепаратов, составила 20.4%

Theory of Andreev reflection in a junction with a strongly disordered semiconductor

We study the conduction of a {\sl N~-~Sm~-~S} junction, where {\sl Sm} is a strongly disordered semiconductor. The differential conductance $dI/dV$ of this {\sl N~-~Sm~-~S} structure is predicted to have a sharp peak at $V=0$. Unlike the case of a weakly disordered system, this feature persists even in the absence of an additional (Schottky) barrier on the boundary. The zero-bias conductance of such a junction $G_{NS}$ is smaller only by a numerical factor than the conductance in the normal state $G_N$. Implications for experiments on gated heterostructures with superconducting leads are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Rapid Communication section of Phys. Rev.

The influence of the different schemes of the inductive therapy on the pathomorphism of rectal cancer tumors

There were evaluated 253 patients with rectal cancer treated with combined method. The enrolling criteria were: the type of the tumors - adenocarcinomas of the lower or middle thirds of rectum without previous treatment, without tumor generalization, resectable tumors. The patients were divided in four groups. Patients in the first and second groups underwent pre-operative radiotherapy, patients of the third and fourth groups - chemoradioterapy. The targets of irradiation were rectum and pelvic lymph nodes. The dose of radiation 38-44Gy was used in the first and third groups and 45-50Gy - in the second and fourth groups. For the purposes of radiomodification we used 5-fluorouracil alone or combined with calcium folinate, capecitabine, tegafur, oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine. All patients underwent subsequent surgery within 1 month after inductive therapy. In each case the level of the tumor pathomorfism was evaluated. Pathological complete response was registered more often in second and fourth groups. Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy results in the pathological complete response rate of 19% in the fourth group.В исследование включено 253 пациента, прошедших комбинированное лечение по поводу рака прямой кишки в Свердловском областном онкологическом диспансере. Критерии включения в исследование были следующие: наличие резектабельных опухолей в нижне- или среднеампулярном отделах прямой кишки, гистологический тип опухоли - аденокарцинома, отсутствие предшествующего лечения, отсутствие отдаленных метастазов. В зависимости от вида индукционного лечения пациенты были поделены на четыре группы. В плане комбинированного лечения пациентам из первой и второй группы первым этапом была проведена лучевая терапия(ЛТ). В третьей и четвертой группах - химиолучевая терапия (ХЛТ). В первой и третьей группе суммарная очаговая доза (СОД) облучения составила 38-44 Гр, во второй и четвертой - 45-50Гр. Для радиомодификации использовались следующие химиопрепараты: 5-фторурацил в монорежиме или в комбинации с фолинатом кальция, капецитабин, тегафур, оксалиплатин в комбинации с капецитабином. Операцию выполняли через месяц после окончания ЛТ или ХЛТ. Полный патоморфологический ответ опухоли (ППОО) чаще отмечен во второй и четвертой группах. Частота ППОО в четвертой группе, в которой пациентам проводили предоперационное облучение в СОД более 44Гр с параллельным введением химиопрепаратов, была наибольшей и составила 19%

Digital holography methods for visualization and identification of ZnGeP2 bulk defects

The volumetric filamentous inclusions in ZnGeP2 were visualized by digital holography, their characteristic sizes were determined, and their location in the sample volume was determined. The chemical composition of filamentous bulk inclusions – Zn3P2 and Ge-was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The influence of the second-phase inclusions (Zn3P2 and Ge) on the quasi optical characteristics (refractive index and absorption coefficient) in the resonant absorption band (12–12.5 microns) is established. The presence of bulk inclusions in the ZnGeP2 single crystal leads to an increase in the reflection coefficient in the region of 12.5 microns. The dispersion dependences of the refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the studied ZnGeP2 samples at wavelengths of 300–1000 microns in the non fundamental absorption region were obtained. The obtained experimental results confirm the assumption of the determining role of free carriers in the formation of dielectric losses in the wavelength range of 100–1000 microns. The hypothesis that one of the main sources of free carriers in ZnGeP2 is the matrix medium / inclusion interface of the second phase is confirmed.В ст. ошибочно: A. S. Bolshako

Threshold of laser destruction of nonlinear GaSe and GaSe:in crystals when exposed to pulsed radiation at a wavelength of 2.1 microns

The aim of this work is to determine the optical breakdown threshold of a single crystal GaSe and GaSe:In when exposed to nanosecond radiation of the two micron range and determining the influence of the energy parameters of the testing radiation on the breakdown threshold. The Ho3+:YAG laser was used as the laser radiation source in this work. Pumping was carried out by a Thule fiber laser.В ст. ошибочно: E. V. Zhuravle