Studies on the fermentative activity of yeast zymin

In a summation of the experimental work presented herein, the following points are believed significant: (1) The fermentation of dextrose by maceration extract of yeast is stimulated by ammonium chloride and magnesium sulfate. (2) The activity of zymin preparations will vary greatly depending upon the source of the yeast and upon the length of time the yeast is stored at 5°C. (3) Mixtures of zymins of different activities gives a resultant activity which is lower than the theoretical activity of the mixture. (4) The washing of a fresh yeast which normally would yield a zymin of low activity produces considerably higher activity. (5) Zymins respond differently toward ammonium chloride, and the differences range from definite inhibition to stimulation as high as 80 percent. There also is a fairly good correlation between the activity of a zymin and the degree of stimulation by ammonium chloride. The less active a zymin is, the more than zymin is stimulated by ammonium chloride, and the higher the optimum concentration of ammonium chloride will be. (6) In a series of studies with methyl ammonium chlorides, stimulation is observable which is similar to that observed with ammonium chloride, but the degree of stimulation is progressively less according to the following series: NH4+ CH3NH3 + (CH3)2NH2+ (CH 3) NH+. (7) The effect of magnesium sulfate appears to be rather consistently the same regardless of the activity of the zymin. (8) A substance was separated from a zymin of low activity which had an inhibitory effect on the activity of more active zymins. Its action was, in turn, strongly depressed by small concentrations of ammonium chloride. (9) The effects of magnesium sulfate and ammonium chloride were inhibitory in the fermentation of sodium hexosediphosphate. (10) The effects of both salts were also inhibitory in the fermentation of dihydroxyacetone. (11) The salts were inhibitory in the fermentation of sodium pyruvate. However, in the presence of ethanol, ammonium chloride protected the system from the toxic effect of ethanol, and therefore a stimulation occurred

The Effects of the Division of the City of Lloydminster by the Alberta-Saskatchewan Inter-Provincial Boundary

L'article expose les conséquences, sur le développement de Lloydminster, de la localisation de la ligne frontière Alberta - Saskatchewan qui coupe cette cité en deux. Les problèmes de la duplication des services et des équipements publics encourageaient, dans les premières années d'existence de la communauté, les essais de fusion des deux parties de Lloydminster. Cette fusion a été accomplie en 1930, et la cité fonctionne sous une législation spéciale, le « Lloydminster Charter ». Les inefficacités inhérentes à cette division subsistent encore, en particulier pour le gouvernement municipal, de même que les désavantages pour les activités commerciales, parce que la législation provinciale de l'Alberta ou de la Saskatchewan s'applique aux individus, selon le côté de la ligne frontière où ils résident, travaillent, font leurs achats, ou possèdent des industries. La taxe de vente levée par le gouvernement de la Saskatchewan reste un problème pour les marchands et les habitants. La majeure partie du développement commercial et industriel se situe à l'ouest de la cité, c'est-à-dire en Alberta. Les sociétés industrielles et les marchands, les gens de métier et les habitants veulent que la cité soit située entièrement en Alberta ou entièrement en Saskatchewan pour supprimer les inefficacités et les irritations qui résultent de la division de la cité par la ligne frontière.The paper traces the effects of the superimposed inter-provincial boundary line on the development of Lloydminster. Duplication of public services, and other difficulties encouraged early efforts to amalgamate the community under one jurisdiction. This was accomplished in 1930 and the city is operated under special legislation which is called the « Lloydminster Charter ». Inherent inefficiencies still remain for civic government as well as disadvantages for private enterprises as the provincial legislation of Alberta or Saskatchewan prevails depending upon which side of the boundary a person resides, works, shops, or an economic enterprise is located. The sales tax levied on most purchases by the Saskatchewan Government remains a problem for retailers and citizens. Most of the commercial and industrial development is occurring on the Alberta side of the City. There is evidence that industrial and commercial companies, professional people and residents, would prefer the City to be either in Alberta or Saskatchewan in order to eradicate the inefficiencies and irritations caused by the division of the city by the boundary

Requirement of Dynactin p150Glued Subunit for the Functional Integrity of the Keratinocyte Microparasol

The keratinocyte microparasol, composed of a perinuclear microtubular/melano–phagolysosomal complex, protects the nucleus from UV-induced DNA damage. We have previously demonstrated that cytoplasmic dynein is the motor involved in the perinuclear-directed aggregation of phagocytosed melanosomes. Dynactin, of which p150Glued is the major subunit, can link directly to microtubules and links organelles to dynein at different domains. To further define the mechanism of the microparasol, we transfected siRNA targeted against p150Glued into human keratinocytes cultured with 0.5mm fluorescent microspheres and performed time-lapse analysis, confocal immunolocalization, and Western immunoblotting after 24 and 48 hours. Western blots revealed a significant knockdown of the p150Glued subunit. The knockdown decreased p150Glued colocalization with microtubules and decreased perinuclear positioning of the convergent microtubular framework. It also inhibited perinuclear aggregation of phagocytosed fluorescent microspheres and reduced mean centripetal microsphere displacement. The findings provide evidence that dynactin p150Glued plays an important role in the functional integrity of the keratinocyte microparasol

A forensic acquisition and analysis system for IaaS

Cloud computing is a promising next-generation computing paradigm that offers significant economic benefits to both commercial and public entities. Furthermore, cloud computing provides accessibility, simplicity, and portability for its customers. Due to the unique combination of characteristics that cloud computing introduces (including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service), digital investigations face various technical, legal, and organizational challenges to keep up with current developments in the field of cloud computing. There are a wide variety of issues that need to be resolved in order to perform a proper digital investigation in the cloud environment. This paper examines the challenges in cloud forensics that are identified in the current research literature, alongside exploring the existing proposals and technical solutions addressed in the respective research. The open problems that need further effort are highlighted. As a result of the analysis of literature, it is found that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to perform an investigation and discovery in the cloud environment without relying on cloud service providers (CSPs). Therefore, dependence on the CSPs is ranked as the greatest challenge when investigators need to acquire evidence in a timely yet forensically sound manner from cloud systems. Thus, a fully independent model requires no intervention or cooperation from the cloud provider is proposed. This model provides a different approach to a forensic acquisition and analysis system (FAAS) in an Infrastructure as a Service model. FAAS seeks to provide a richer and more complete set of admissible evidences than what current CSPs provide, with no requirement for CSP involvement or modification to the CSP’s underlying architecture

Controlling chaos in a Lorenz-like system using feedback

We demonstrate that the dynamics of an autonomous chaotic laser can be controlled to a periodic or steady state under self-synchronization. In general, past the chaos threshold the dependence of the laser output on feedback applied to the pump is submerged in the Lorenz-like chaotic pulsation. However there exist specific feedback delays that stabilize the chaos to periodic behavior or even steady state. The range of control depends critically on the feedback delay time and amplitude. Our experimental results are compared with the complex Lorenz equations which show good agreement

A treatment planning intercomparison of proton and intensity modulated photon radiotherapy.

peer reviewedAbstract Purpose: A comparative treatment planning study has been undertaken between standard photon delivery techniques,b intensity modulated photon methods and spot scanned protons in order to investigate the merits and limitations of each of these treatment approaches. Methods: Plans for each modality were performed using CT scans and planning information for nine patients with varying indications and lesion sites and the results have been analysed using a variety of dose and volume based parameters. Results: Over all cases, it is predicted that the use of protons could lead to a reduction of the total integral dose by a factor three compared to standard photon techniques and a factor two compared to IM photon plans. In addition, in all but one Organ at Risk (OAR) for one case, protons are predicted to reduce both mean OAR dose and the irradiated volume at the 50% mean target dose level compared to both photon methods. However, when considering the volume of an OAR irradiated to 70% or more of the target dose, little difference could be shown between proton and intensity modulated photon plans. On comparing the magnitude of dose hot spots in OARs resulting from the proton and IM photon plans, more variation was observed, and the ranking of the plans was then found to be case and OAR dependent. Conclusions: The use of protons has been found to reduce the medium to low dose load (below about 70% of the target dose) to OARs and all non-target tissues compared to both standard and inversely planned photons, but that the use of intensity modulated photons can result in similar levels of high dose conformation to that afforded by protons. However, the introduction of inverse planning methods for protons is necessary before general conclusions on the relative efficacy of photons and protons can be drawn

Simulation of truncated normal variables

We provide in this paper simulation algorithms for one-sided and two-sided truncated normal distributions. These algorithms are then used to simulate multivariate normal variables with restricted parameter space for any covariance structure.Comment: This 1992 paper appeared in 1995 in Statistics and Computing and the gist of it is contained in Monte Carlo Statistical Methods (2004), but I receive weekly requests for reprints so here it is