5,544 research outputs found
The social security rights of older international migrants in the European Union
Europe is now home to a significant and diverse population of older international migrants. Social and demographic changes have forced the issue of social security in old age onto the European social policy agenda in the last decade. In spite of an increased interest in the financial well-being of older people, many retired international migrants who are legally resident in the European Union face structured disadvantages. Four linked factors are of particular importance in shaping the pension rights and levels of financial provision available to individual older migrants: migration history, socio-legal status, past relationship to the paid labour market, and location within a particular EU Member State. Building on a typology of older migrants, the paper outlines the ways in which policy at both the European Union and Member State levels serves to diminish rather than enhance the social security rights of certain older international migrants
Linguistic alignment and theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia patients' dialogic interactions
BACKGROUND: Impairments of contextual processing and theory of mind (ToM) have both been offered as accounts of the deviant language characterising formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia. This study investigated these processes in patients' dialogue. We predicted that FTD patients would show a decrement in linguistic alignment, associated with impaired ToM in dialogue. METHODS: Speech samples were elicited via participation in an interactive computer-based task and a semi-structured interview to assess contextual processing abilities and ToM skills in dialogue, respectively, and from an interactive card-sorting task to measure syntactic alignment. Degree of alignment in dialogue and the syntactic task, and evidence of ToM in (i) dialogue and (ii) a traditional ToM task were compared across schizophrenia patients with FTD (n = 21), non-FTD patients (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 21). RESULTS: FTD patients showed less alignment than the other two groups in dialogue, and than healthy controls on the syntactic task. FTD patients showed poorer performance on the ToM task than the other two groups, but only compared to the healthy controls in dialogue. The FTD group's degree of alignment in dialogue was correlated with ToM performance in dialogue but not with the traditional ToM task or with syntactic alignment. CONCLUSIONS: In dialogue, FTD patients demonstrate an impairment in employing available contextual information to facilitate their own subsequent production, which is associated with a ToM deficit. These findings indicate that a contextual processing deficit impacts on exploiting representations via the production system impoverishing the ability to make predictions about upcoming utterances in dialogue
Abundances and energy spectra of corotating interaction region heavy ions
We have surveyed He-Fe spectra for 41 Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) from 1998â2007 observed on ACE. The spectra are similar for all species, and have the form of broken power laws with the spectral break occurring at a few MeV/nucleon. Except for overabundances of He and Ne, the abundances are close to those of the solar wind. We find the rare isotope ^3He is enhanced in ~40% of the events. In individual CIRs the Fe/O ratio correlates strongly with the solar wind Fe/O ratio measured 2â4 days prior to the CIR passage. Taken together with previously reported observations of pick-up He^+ in CIRs, these observations provide evidence that CIRs are accelerated out of a suprathermal ion pool of heated solar wind ions, pick-up ions, and remnant suprathermal ions from impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events
How Common is Energetic ^3He in the Inner Heliosphere?
Using data from the SIS and ULEIS instruments on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) we have identified
periods during which energetic ^3He is present in near-Earth interplanetary space between November 1997 and May 2002. The data, which cover the energy intervals 0.2â1 MeV/nuc (ULEIS) and 4.5â16.3 MeV/nuc (SIS), show that ^3He is present a significant fraction of the time, as would be required if these suprathermal particles were the major source of the ^3He being accelerated by shocks in the interplanetary medium. Specifically, we find that energetic ^3He is present at least ~ 60% of the time, and perhaps significantly more often
Surface Hydrogen Modeling of Super Soft X-ray Sources: Are They Supernova Ia Progenitors?
Nova explosions occur on the white dwarf (WD) component of a Cataclysmic
Variable stellar system which is accreting matter lost by a companion. A Type
Ia supernova explosion is thought to result when a WD, in a similar binary
configuration, grows in mass to the Chandrasekhar Limit. Here, we present
calculations of accretion of Solar matter, at a variety of mass accretion
rates, onto hot (K), luminous (30L), massive
(1.25M, 1.35M) Carbon-Oxygen WDs. In contrast to our nova
simulations where the WD has a low initial luminosity and a thermonuclear
runaway (TNR) occurs and ejects material, these simulations do not eject
material (or only a small fraction of the accreted material) and the WD grows
in mass. A hydrogen TNR does not occur because hydrogen fuses to helium in the
surface layers, and we call this process Surface Hydrogen Burning (SHB). As the
helium layer grows in mass, it gradually fuses either to carbon and oxygen or
to more massive nuclei depending on the WD mass and mass accretion rate. If
such a WD were to explode in a SN Ia event, therefore, it would show neither
hydrogen nor helium in its spectrum as is observed. Moreover, the luminosities
and effective temperatures of our simulations agree with the observations of
some of the Super Soft X-ray Binary Sources and, therefore, our results
strengthen previous speculation that some of them (CAL 83 and CAL 87 for
example) are probably progenitors of SN Ia explosions. Finally, we have
achieved SHB for values of the mass accretion rate that almost span the
observed values of the Cataclysmic Variables.Comment: Accepted by APJL, 4 pages, 1 figure, LaTex (uses emulateapj.sty
The evaluation of multiple and partial correlation coefficients from the factorial matrix
This paper shows how to compute multiple correlation coefficients, partial correlation coefficients, and regression coefficients from the factorial matrix. Special emphasis is given to computation technique and to approximation formulas. The method is extremely flexible in application since it may be applied to any subset of the original set of observed variables. It is also extremely useful when many of these coefficients are desired.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45741/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02288567.pd
The Quantity Theory of Money is Valid. The New Keynesians are Wrong!
We test the quantity theory of money (QTM) using a novel approach and a large new sample. We do not follow the usual approach of first differentiating the logarithm of the Cambridge equation to obtain an equation relating the growth rate of real GDP, the growth rate of money and inflation. These variables must then again be âintegratedâ by averaging in order to obtain stable relationships. Instead we suggest a much simpler procedure for testing directly the stability of the coefficient of the Cambridge equation. For 125 countries and post-war data we find the coefficient to be surprisingly stable. We do not select for high inflation episodes as was done in most empirical studies; inflation rates do not even appear in our data set.
Much work supporting the QTM has been done by economic historians and at the University of Chicago by Milton Friedman and his associates. The QTM was a foundation stone of the monetarist revolution. Subsequently belief in it waned. The currently dominant New Keynesian School, implicitly or explicitly denies the validity of the QTM. We survey this history and argue that the QTM is valid and New Keynesians are wrong
Going beyond defining: Preschool educators\u27 use of knowledge in their pedagogical reasoning about vocabulary instruction
Previous research investigating both the knowledge of early childhood educators and the support for vocabulary development present in early childhood settings has indicated that both educator knowledge and enacted practice are less than optimal, which has grave implications for children\u27s early vocabulary learning and later reading achievement. Further, the nature of the relationship between educators\u27 knowledge and practice is unclear, making it difficult to discern the best path towards improved knowledge, practice, and children\u27s vocabulary outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to add to the existing literature by using stimulated recall interviews and a grounded approach to examine how 10 preschool educators used their knowledge to made decisions about their moment-to-moment instruction in support of children\u27s vocabulary development. Results indicate that educators were thinking in highly context-specific ways about their goals and strategies for supporting vocabulary learning, taking into account important knowledge of their instructional history with children and of the children themselves to inform their decision making in the moment. In addition, they reported thinking about research-based goals and strategies for supporting vocabulary learning that went beyond simply defining words for children. Implications for research and professional development are discussed
Negative Energy Density in Calabi-Yau Compactifications
We show that a large class of supersymmetric compactifications, including all
simply connected Calabi-Yau and G_2 manifolds, have classical configurations
with negative energy density as seen from four dimensions. In fact, the energy
density can be arbitrarily negative -- it is unbounded from below.
Nevertheless, positive energy theorems show that the total ADM energy remains
positive. Physical consequences of the negative energy density include new
thermal instabilities, and possible violations of cosmic censorship.Comment: 25 pages, v2: few clarifying comments and reference adde
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