An updated checklist of the marine Decapoda of ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean

The decapod Crustacea from Ascension Island are reported upon on the basis of major expeditions undertaken during 2008 and 2012, including several minor additional collections made in other years. Two species, Gnathophyllum americanum and Corallianassa longiventris are new records for the island bringing the total known marine decapod fauna to 75 species, of which 11 are currently endemic to Ascension Island.John Fell Oxford University Press Research Fund; Darwin Initiative [EIDCF012]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Oceanic dispersal barriers, adaptation and larval retention: an interdisciplinary assessment of potential factors maintaining a phylogeographic break between sister lineages of an African prawn

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genetic breaks separating regional lineages of marine organisms with potentially high broadcasting abilities are generally attributed either to dispersal barriers such as currents or upwelling, or to behavioural strategies promoting self-recruitment. We investigated whether such patterns could potentially also be explained by adaptations to different environmental conditions by studying two morphologically distinguishable genetic lineages of the estuarine mudprawn <it>Upogebia africana </it>across a biogeographic disjunction in south-eastern Africa. The study area encompasses a transition between temperate and subtropical biotas, where the warm, southward-flowing Agulhas Current is deflected away from the coast, and its inshore edge is characterised by intermittent upwelling. To determine how this phylogeographic break is maintained, we estimated gene flow among populations in the region, tested for isolation by distance as an indication of larval retention, and reared larvae of the temperate and subtropical lineages at a range of different temperatures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of four populations sampled, the two northernmost exclusively included the subtropical lineage, a central population had a mixture of both lineages, and the southernmost estuary had only haplotypes of the temperate lineage. No evidence was found for isolation by distance, and gene flow was bidirectional and of similar magnitude among adjacent populations. In both lineages, the optimum temperature for larval development was at about 23°C, but a clear difference was found at lower temperatures. While larvae of the temperate lineage could complete development at temperatures as low as 12°C, those of the subtropical lineage did not complete development below 17°C.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicate that both southward dispersal of the subtropical lineage inshore of the Agulhas Current, and its establishment in the temperate province, may be limited primarily by low water temperatures. There is no evidence that the larvae of the temperate lineage would survive less well in the subtropical province than in their native habitat, and their exclusion from this region may be due to a combination of upwelling, short larval duration with limited dispersal potential near the coast, plus transport away from the coast of larvae that become entrained in the Agulhas Current. This study shows how methods from different fields of research (genetics, physiology, oceanography and morphology) can be combined to study phylogeographic patterns.</p

Jumping on the Bandwagon: Differentiation and Security Defection during Conflict

When confronted with mass uprisings, governments deploy their security forces for crowd control or repression. However, sometimes security agencies choose to side with the opposition movement. Recent work shows that “fragmentation” contributes to defection: fragmenting the security forces into parallel units leads to oversight problems and grievances among soldiers, which raises the risk of members of the security forces defecting to the opposition movement. However, I argue that the effect on defection is strongly moderated by the circumstances under which states choose to fragment their military: fragmentation for the purpose of security specialization, called “differentiation,” even decreases its risk. Employing Bayesian multilevel modeling, the findings corroborate this distinction. The study contributes to the fundamental discussion on civil–military relations, shedding light on why some conflict situations see security defections while others do not. Understanding this phenomenon is a pivotal element to explaining how conflicts develop, escalate, and end

Start-up success of freelancers New microeconometric evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel

If certain start-up characteristics will indicate a business success, knowing such characteristics could generate more successful start-ups and more efficient start-up counseling. Our study will contribut e to this by quantifying individual success determinants of freelance start-ups. The data base for the microeconometric analyses of the survival of the first three years is a revised German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for 1992 until 2002, which allows to incorporate institutional, personal and family/household socio-economic variables. We describe and discuss the datawork to achieve compatible information over time within a revised GSOEP and present microeconometric rare events logit, logit and probit results. The start-up success measured as the probability to survive the first three years is first of all influenced by an active labour force participation with its acquired skills and working experiences just before the start-up period (rank 1), followed by a non-university degree as the highest general human capital indicator (rank 2), a general (non-linear) experience indicated by age (rank 3) and the business related background (rank 4) as the type of liberal profession in the group of the liberal medical professions and the liberal technical and scientific professions

A new genus and species of axiid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda) from a southwestern Indian Ocean seamount

A new genus and species of axiid shrimp, Montanaxius mediumquod gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on three specimens collected from hexactinellid sponges from a seamount in the southwest Indian Ocean. The new genus is characterized by a laterally denticulate rostrum, short lateral carina, absence of submedian carina, a prominent toothed median carina, round pleomere pleura 2–5, pleurobranchs on second to fourth pereopods, and the presence of a male first pleopod and appendix interna on pleopods 3–5. It most closely resembles Levantocaris Galil & Clark, 1993 and Planaxius Komai & Tachikawa, 2008, but differs from the former by being gonochoristic, having a strongly elevated gastric region and well-developed eyes, and from the latter by its toothed median carina and the presence of a median telson spine

Paratrypaea maldivensis Borradaile 1904, n. comb.

&lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea maldivensis&lt;/i&gt; (Borradaile, 1904) n. comb. &lt;p&gt;Figs 1 F, 5J&ndash;T, 6K&ndash;U, 7C&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Trypaea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;maldivensis&lt;/i&gt; Borradaile, 1903: 546 (nomen nudum); 1904: 753, pl. 58, fig. 3b; Pearson, 1905: 66, 90; de Man, 1928a: 22 &ndash;23.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; cf. &lt;i&gt;japonica&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; D&ouml;rjes &amp; Cheng, 1986: 23 1(table 1), 233 (table 2), 236 (table 3) [not &lt;i&gt;Callianassa japonica&lt;/i&gt; Ortmann, 1891].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa rectangularis&lt;/i&gt; Ngoc-Ho, 1991: 292, fig. 5 [type locality: Atoll Surprise, New Caledonia], (&lt;b&gt;new synonym&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Sakai, 1999: 40 (part), figs 6a,b; 2005: 78 (part) [not &lt;i&gt;Callianassa bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1904].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; cf &lt;i&gt;gravieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Dworschak, 2003: 424.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea rectangularis&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Komai &amp; Tachikawa, 2008: 36.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Gilvossius bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Sakai, 2011: 374 (part) [not &lt;i&gt;Callianassa bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1904].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Holotype.&lt;/b&gt; UMC I.58505, male (tl 17, cl 4.8), Hulule, Mal&eacute; Atoll, Maldive Is., J.S. Gardiner coll. (= &lt;i&gt;Callianassa bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1904, M. de Saint Laurent 1977) [in good condition, all legs except major P1 still attached, left mxp3 missing, abdominal somite 1 and telson slightly distorted].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Additional material.&lt;/b&gt; NHMW 25102&ndash;25104, 2 males, 1 female (cl 3.0&ndash;3.2), Red Sea, Jordan, Aqaba, RDC, 8&ndash; 28 m, P. Dworschak coll. 25&ndash;26 Oct. 2000. &ndash; ULLZ 8428, 1 male, ULLZ 8429, 1 female, NHMW 25108&ndash;25113, 2 males, 2 females, 2 ovigerous females (cl 3.0&ndash;4.5), Red Sea, Jordan, Aqaba, RDC, 4&ndash;19 m, P. Dworschak coll. 1&ndash; 12 November 2001. &ndash; NHMW 25105&ndash;25106, 1 female, 1 ovigerous female (cl 3.3, 4.2), Red Sea, Jordan, Aqaba, Murjan, 10&ndash;14 m, P. Dworschak coll. 7 Nov. 2001. &ndash; NHMW 25107, 1 female (cl 4.1) Red Sea, Jordan, Aqaba, Saudi Border, P. Dworschak coll. 11 November 2001. &ndash; NHMW 25114&ndash;25132, 6 males, 5 females, 8 ovigerous females (cl 2.6&ndash;4.0), Red Sea, Jordan, Aqaba, RDC, 11&ndash;22 m, P. Dworschak coll. 27 October &ndash; 7 November 2002. &ndash; ULLZ 8430, 1 ovigerous female, ULLZ 8431, 1 ovigerous female, NHMW 25133&ndash;25156, 5 males, 6 females, 13 ovigerous females (cl 2.5&ndash;4.9), Red Sea, Egypt, Dahab, Laguna, 10&ndash;13 m, P. Dworschak coll. 21&ndash;29 October 2005. &ndash; NHMW 25157, 1 ovigerous female (cl 3.4), Red Sea, Egypt, Dahab, Islands, 13 m, P. Dworschak coll. 24 October 2005. &ndash; SMF 40674, 1 female (tl 8, cl 1.85), Rotes Meer, Shab Baraja Reef, N-lich Port Sudan, U-13 (20&deg; 52.5' N 37&deg; 23' E) 12 m Tiefe, L. Karbe coll. Oktober 1977. &ndash; SMF 23869 1 juvenile (tl 7.7 cl 1.7, left P1 missing) Taiwan, Nord-Insel, vor Tung-hsiao, Feinsand, 5 m, J. Doerjes leg. 18 October 1981. &ndash; SMF 23871 1 female (tl 8.5 cl 1.85, all pereopods and Mxp3 missing), 1 abdomen, 3 detached left P1, Taiwan, Westk&uuml;ste, vor Tai-shi, S&uuml;dprofil, Feinsand, 11 m, J. Doerjes leg. 7 October 1981. &ndash; SMF 23872 1 female (tl 6.9 cl 1.46, all pereopods and mxp3 missing), Taiwan, Westk&uuml;ste, vor Tai-shi, S&uuml;dprofil, Feinsand, 20 m, J. Doerjes leg. 7 October 1981. &ndash; NTOU A01224, 1 ovigerous female (tl 23.8 cl 4.6, left P1 missing), Taiwan, Pingtung County, Houpihu, 18 m, P. Dworschak coll. with yabby pump 25 July 2009. &ndash; NTOU A01225, 1 female (tl 17.1 cl 3.9, bopyrid left), Taiwan, Pingtung County, Houpihu, 9.5 m, P. Dworschak coll. with yabby pump 25 July 2009. &ndash; MNHN Th-1069 male (tl 20, cl 4.5) Nouvelle Caledonie, Atoll de Surprise St. 446, 36 m, 18&deg;19'S 163&deg;04'E, B. Richer-ORSTOM coll. (holotype of &lt;i&gt;Callianassa rectangularis&lt;/i&gt; Ngoc-Ho, 1991).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; Carapace 0.23 of total body length; rostrum spiniform, directed slightly downward, almost reaching to end of eyestalk. Anterolateral projection obtuse; anterolateral concavity moderately deep, with tiny cleft; dorsal oval well defined, smooth, cervical groove across about posterior 0.2 of carapace length; linea thalassinica extending to posterolateral margin of carapace.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Length ratio of first to sixth pleonal somites measured along midline 1.0: 1.52: 1.1: 0.95: 1.05: 1.5. First to fifth pleomere as in &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;. Sixth pleomere slightly longer than wide, rectangular in dorsal view, bearing shallow notches on posterior one-third; no ventrolateral projection. Telson subrectangular, slightly longer than wide; dorsal surface nearly flat; lateral margin with two spiniform setae on posterolateral corner, with short transverse suture subproximally; posterior margin generally convex, but with faint median concavity, median tooth prominent (Fig. 7 C).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Eyestalks, antennulae, antennae, epistome, sternal shield on seventh thoracic somite and mouthparts as in &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; (see above).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Third maxilliped without exopod; ischium-merus operculiform, 1.5 to 1.9 times as long than wide, with dense setation on ventral margin; ischium longer than broad, distinctly widened distally, crista dentata consisting of row of small acute spines arranged in sinuous row on midline; merus about 1.5 times wider than long, distinctly shorter than ischium, unarmed on distomesial margin, ventrodistal angle not produced; carpus longer than wide, subequal in length to merus; propodus about twice as long than wide, slightly longer than carpus; dactylus slender, digitiform, shorter than propodus.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Chelipeds (first pereopods) greatly dissimilar in males (Fig. 2 C), similar in females (Figs 2 D).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Male major cheliped (Fig. 5 J, N, R) located on either right or left side of body (all males: 6 left, 10 right) constant in length, armament and setation of dactylus. Ischium moderately slender, becoming wider distally in general contour, dorsal margin sinuous, unarmed; lateral surface convex; ventral margin with row of 3&ndash;5 small teeth. Merus subequal in length to carpus; dorsal margin sinuous and smooth; lateral surface generally convex, ventral half forming shallow concavity accommodating proximal part of carpus; mesial surface slightly concave in general; ventral margin variable with 3 to 5 strong teeth in proximal half (see Fig. 6 K&ndash;P). Carpus semicircular, dorsomesial and ventromesial margins sharply ridged, lower edge smooth or serrated proximally, upper edge triangular in dorsal view, denticulated proximally (Fig. 5 L, P); lateral surface smooth, convex; mesial surface medially convex, margins strongly upturned. Palm with dorsal and ventral margin parallel or slightly diverging proximally, 1.0&ndash;1.5 times as long as wide; lateral surface smooth, convex; with blunt palmar process; mesial surface convex medially, without sculpture or armament, margins somewhat upturned, dorsomesial and ventromesial margins sharply ridged, upper smooth, lower denticulated proximally (Fig. 5 K, O). Fixed finger 0.7 to 1.0 length of palm, about as long as dactylus, nearly straight to noticeably curved, terminating in subacute tip; cutting edge unarmed; lateral surface convex, with tuft of long setae proximally on cutting edge; ventral margin with several setae. Dactylus subequal in length to or shorter than palm, weakly hooked, terminating in acute or subacute tip; dorsal and lateral surfaces occasionally with mat of dense, soft setae; cutting edge with 2 or 3 molar-like teeth.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Male minor cheliped (Fig. 5 M, Q, S) rather slender, about 0.8&ndash;0.9 length of major cheliped, uniform in shape. Ischium with margins unarmed; dorsal margin nearly straight; ventral margin weakly concave to straight, unarmed. Merus varying from shorter to slightly longer than carpus; dorsal margin convex, unarmed; lateral surface weakly convex, smooth; ventral margin with one spine at midlength. Carpus about two times as long as high; dorsal and ventral margins bluntly ridged, smooth, with row of short setae. Palm as long as high or slightly longer than high; dorsal margin bluntly ridged, smooth; ventral margin sharply ridged, with row of tufts or individual setae; lateral and mesial surfaces weakly convex, smooth. Fixed finger triangular, terminating in acute tip; cutting edge with small denticles. Dactylus longer than palm, as long as fixed finger, terminating in acute tip; dorsal margin rounded, with row of tufts of setae; cutting edge with small denticles; hiatus between fingers prominent.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Both female chelipeds (Fig. 5 T, U) similar to minor male chelipeds.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Second to fifth pereopod similar to those of &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; (see above).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; First and second pleopods absent in males. Female first and second pleopods, third to fifth pleopods and uropods similar to those of &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Size.&lt;/b&gt; Males from 2.6 to 4.8 mm cl, females from 1.85 to 4.8 mm cl (ovigerous females from 2.8 to 4.2 mm cl).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Colour.&lt;/b&gt; Transparent with a touch of red dorsally on chelipeds, red chromatophores dorsally on abdomen. Females much darker coloured than males (Fig. 1 F).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Parasites.&lt;/b&gt; In Dahab, two females had an unidentified bopyrid in the gill chamber; in Aqaba, three females and one male were parasitised by an unidentified cryptoniscid.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Habitat.&lt;/b&gt; Recent samples were collected exclusively sublittorally from fine sands or sand troughs between patchy corals in depths between 4 and 20 m. In Aqaba, this species occurred together with &lt;i&gt;Callianassa aqabaensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Thomassinia gebioides&lt;/i&gt; de Saint Laurent, 1979 in fine sand between the large mounds and funnels of &lt;i&gt;Glypturus laurae&lt;/i&gt; de Saint Laurent (in de Vaugelas &amp; de Saint Laurent, 1984). Burrow openings, which cannot be differentiated from those of &lt;i&gt;C. aqabaensis&lt;/i&gt;, are characterised by one small mound and two small funnels nearby (Fig. 1 E). Density was relatively low and did not exceed an estimated 40 individuals m -2 for both callianassids.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution.&lt;/b&gt; Red Sea (this study); Maldives (type locality); Sri Lanka (Pearson, 1905), Taiwan (Sakai 1999 as &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;; this study); New Caledonia (type locality of &lt;i&gt;C. rectangularis&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks.&lt;/b&gt; Males of &lt;i&gt;P. m a l d i v e n s i s&lt;/i&gt; are rather rare. In Aqaba (2000, 2001 and 2002 collections pooled) the male: female ratio was 1:2.1. In Dahab, this ratio was 1:4.4 for all specimens collected and preserved and was even higher because not all females retrieved with the yabby pump were taken because of export limitations. Of the females from Aqaba, 47% were ovigerous; this percentage was 63% in Dahab.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Dworschak, Peter C., 2012, On the identities of Callianassa bouvieri Nobili, 1904, C. maldivensis Borradaile, 1904, and C. gravieri Nobili, 1905 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae): a morphometric approach, pp. 39-56 in Zootaxa 3149&lt;/i&gt; on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3149.1.2, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/210180"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/210180&lt;/a&gt

Paratrypaea Komai & Tachikawa 2008

&lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea&lt;/i&gt; Komai &amp; Tachikawa, 2008 &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type species.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Trypaea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;Bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1904 by original designation. Gender: feminine [erroneously first masculine (under Type species), later feminine (under Etymology) in Komai &amp; Tachikawa, 2008: 36].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Included species.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; (Nobili, 1904 &lt;i&gt;)&lt;/i&gt;, P. maldivensis (Borradaile, 1904) n. comb. [= &lt;i&gt;P. rectangularis&lt;/i&gt; Ngoc-Ho, 1991], &lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea&lt;/i&gt; sp. (Hawaii)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis&lt;/b&gt; (amended from Komai &amp; Tachikawa, 2008). Carapace with dorsal oval; rostrum conspicuous, spiniform; linea thalassinica distinct. Second somite of pleon slightly shorter than sixth somite; third to fifth pleonal somites each with lateral tufts of setae. Telson subquadrate. Ocular peduncle short, flattened dorsoventrally; cornea disk-shaped, subterminal, submedial. Antennular peduncle longer than antennal peduncle. Third maxilliped with merus-ischium operculiform; ischium with crista dentata consisting of row of small spines; propodus and dactylus slender, the latter digitiform; exopod absent. Exopod present on first and second maxillipeds. Single arthrobranch above base of second maxilliped, paired arthrobranchs above base of third maxilliped to fifth pereopods. Chelipeds (first pereopods) greatly dissimilar at least in males, major with broad, marginally denticulate projection on ventral margin or with row of sharp teeth at least in males. Propodus of third pereopod oval, no heel. Propodus of fourth pereopod moderately broad. Fifth pereopod chelate. Male lacking first and second pleopods. Third to fifth pleopods biramous, foliaceus, appendix interna small, stubby, projecting from mesial margin of endopod. Uropodal exopod with dorsal plate bearing thick assemblage of stiff setae posteriorly; endopod also with small dorsal plate.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. Recently, Sakai (2011) synonymised the genera &lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pestarella&lt;/i&gt; Ngoc-Ho, 2003 with &lt;i&gt;Gilvossius&lt;/i&gt; Manning &amp; Felder, 1992 on the basis of the absence of male pleopods 1 and 2. This opinion is not followed here as many other morphological features distinguish the genera. A molecular phylogenetic study by Felder &amp; Robles (2009) shows support for earlier generic assignments within the Callianassidae which formed distinct clades, with &lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea&lt;/i&gt; on the base of the subfamily Callianassinae, far away from the type species of &lt;i&gt;Gilvossius&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;G. setimanus&lt;/i&gt; (DeKay, 1844), which grouped close to &lt;i&gt;Pestarella tyrrhena&lt;/i&gt; (Petagna, 1792) in the same subfamily.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Dworschak, Peter C., 2012, On the identities of Callianassa bouvieri Nobili, 1904, C. maldivensis Borradaile, 1904, and C. gravieri Nobili, 1905 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae): a morphometric approach, pp. 39-56 in Zootaxa 3149&lt;/i&gt; on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3149.1.2, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/210180"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/210180&lt;/a&gt

FIGURE 1 in On the identities of Callianassa bouvieri Nobili, 1904, C. maldivensis Borradaile, 1904, and C. gravieri Nobili, 1905 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae): a morphometric approach

FIGURE 1. Paratrypaea bouvieri (A–D) and P. maldivensis (E, F), habitat (A, B), burrow openings (C, E) and live specimens (D, F). A, C, Dahab, El Qura; B, mangrove at Shura Arwashi near Nabq; D, male specimen (NHMW 25048, cl 6.8) from Dahab; E, sediment surface in 10 m depth at "Laguna" (photograph: Philip Hofer); F, male (top, NHMW 25115, cl 3.9) and female (bottom, NHMW 25125, cl 3.6) specimen from Aqaba. Scale is 5 cm in C and E, 1 cm in D and F

Paratrypaea bouvieri Nobili 1904

&lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; (Nobili, 1904) &lt;p&gt;Figs 1 D, 5A&ndash;I, 6A&ndash;J, 7A, B&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Trypaea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;Bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1904: 236; 1906: 101, 105, pl. 6, figs 3&ndash;3b [type locality: Djibouti]; de Man, 1928a: 22 &ndash;23; 1928b: 27, 107.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Trypaea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;Gravieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1905: 396; 1906: 107, pl. 6 fig. 4&ndash;4d [type locality: Obock]; Balss, 1915: 2; de Man, 1928a: 23, pl. 6 figs 11&ndash;11e; 1928b: 27, 107 (&lt;b&gt;new synonym&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Trypaea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;cristata&lt;/i&gt; Borradaile, 1910: 263, pl. 6 fig.7 [type locality: Salomon Atoll, Chagos Archipelago]; de Man, 1928b: 27, 107 (&lt;b&gt;new synonym&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Trypaea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;gravieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Holthuis, 1953: 51.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa gravieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Sakai, 1999: 43, fig. 6a,b, d&ndash;f.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Callianassa bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Holthuis, 1958: 37, 38, fig. 15; Sakai, 1970a: 46; Fishelson, 1971: table 1, 121, table 5, 130; Por &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;, 1977: table 1, 309; Sakai, 1987a: 303; 1999: 40 (part), fig. 6c; Dworschak &amp; Pervesler, 1988: 3, fig. 3; Dworschak, 1992: 192; Sakai &amp; Apel, 2002: 276; Sakai, 2005: 78 (part); Sepahvand &amp; Sari, 2011: 45, fig. 3.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Paratrypaea bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Komai &amp; Tachikawa, 2008: 36, figs 10&ndash;12; Felder &amp; Robles, 2009: 330 (list), 335(tree).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Gilvossius bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Sakai, 2011: 374 (part) [not &lt;i&gt;Callianassa maldivensis&lt;/i&gt; Borradaile, 1904].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Gilvossius gravieri&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Sakai, 2011: 377.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Holotype.&lt;/b&gt; MNHN Th-65, male, (tl 18, cl 5.3), Djibouti, H. Couti&egrave;re coll. [in poor condition: cephalothorax and abdomen separated; both P1, left P3 and right P5, P3 detached; both mxp3, right P3 and right dissected mouthparts missing].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Additional material.&lt;/b&gt; MNHN Th-79, female, (tl 15, cl 3.8), Obock, Mission Gravier 1904 (holotype of &lt;i&gt;Callianassa gravieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili, 1905; M. de Saint Laurent redet. as &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;) [in fairly good condition, major P1, both P2 and mxp3, one P3, P4 and P5 missing]. &ndash; ZSM 77/1, 1 male (tl 21, cl 4.1, major cheliped missing), Red Sea, Harmil, Pola-Expedition, 4 January 1896 [det. as &lt;i&gt;C. gravieri&lt;/i&gt; Nobili by H. Balss and J.G. de Man]. &ndash; RMNH D23658, 1 female (cl 4.4, both chelipeds detached), 1 female (cl 4.2, both chelipeds missing), Ghardaqa, Rode Zee kust van Egypte, Eulitoral in gangen in Digenia zone, 1966 Volker Storch legit. &ndash; USNM 221975, 5 males, 5 females (cl 5.2&ndash;6.2), Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula, Ras Muhamed, lagoon, 0&ndash;1 m, Lewinsohn &amp; Manning coll. 16 Oct. 1979 [det. as &lt;i&gt;C. gravieri&lt;/i&gt; by R.B. Manning]. &ndash; NHMW 6591, MNHN Th- 1186&ndash;1194, USNM 266243&ndash;266244, SMF 17708&ndash;17715, 20 males (tl 13&ndash;24 cl 3.1&ndash;6.6) and 17 females (tl 12&ndash;25, cl 3.1&ndash;6.5) Red Sea, Egypt, from mangrove south of Safaga (material mentioned in Dworschak &amp; Pervesler, 1988). &ndash; NHMW 19829, 1 male (cl 4.7), Red Sea, Egypt, Tubaya Al Bayda near Safaga, Egypt, intertidal, muddy sand, P. Pervesler coll. October 1992. &ndash; ULLZ 8442, 1 female, ULLZ 8443, 1 male, NHMW 25027&ndash;25059, 6 males, 8 females, 3 ovigerous female (cl 4.1&ndash; 6.4), Red Sea, Egypt, Dahab, Al-Qura, intertidal, P. Dworschak coll. 21, 26, and 31 October 2005. &ndash; NHMW 25060&ndash;25066, 2 males, 4 females, 1 ovigerous female (cl 4.3&ndash;6.0), Red Sea, Egypt, Shura Arwashi near Nabq, intertidal, P. Dworschak coll. 27 October 2005. &ndash; SMF 26513, 5 males, 4 ovigerous females (cl 3.1&ndash;5.0), Jemen, Socotra, Qalaniyah lagoon, NW coast, SOC/POL-12 (12&deg;41.300'N 053&deg;30.040'E), 0&ndash;1 m, Sand, Watt, Eulitoral, T. Wehle leg. 17 April 2000. &ndash; SMF 26512, 3 males, 1 female, 2 ovigerous females (cl 3.2&ndash;5.6), Jemen, Socotra, Qariyah, NE-coast, SOC/IT 154 (12&deg;38.430'N 054&deg;13.340'E), offene Lagune, 35&permil; salinity, sandy inter- &amp; shallow subtidal, M. Apel leg. 7 April 1999. &ndash; MNHN Th-1617, 10 males, 5 females, 2 ovigerous females (cl 3.5&ndash;6.1), Madagascar, Tul&eacute;ar, B. Thomassin coll. Aug. 1962 &ndash; Sept. 1963, M. de Saint Laurent det., for details on habitats see Thomassin (1978). &ndash; ULLZ 8444, 1 female, ULLZ 8445, 1 male, NHMW 25067&ndash;25101, 20 males, 14 females (cl 2.5&ndash;5.6), Indonesia, Bali, Nusa Dua Beach, intertidal, coll. June 2005. &ndash; NHMW 19969&ndash;19983, 8 males, 2 females, 5 ovigerous females (cl 4.6&ndash;7.2), Japan, Ryukyu, Irabu Is., G. Itani coll. 2&ndash;3 June 2000. &ndash; ULLZ 6367 (DNA voucher, GenBank EU882913, EU875023, EU882914, and EU875024), 11 males (cl 3.9&ndash;6.4), 11 females (10 ovigerous, cl 4.3&ndash;5.9) Japan, Fukushima, Tomioka, Station 4, Sample 15, 32&deg;31'N 130&deg;02'E, A. Tamaki coll. 3 August 2004. &ndash; USNM 95567, 1 ovigerous female (cl 4.4), USNM 95566, 1 ovigerous female (cl 4.4, right cheliped missing), Kiribati, Onotoa, Gilbert Islands, tide flat area south of Contouma, P.E. Cloud, Geol. Survey coll. August 21, 1951, L.B. Holthuis det. (as &lt;i&gt;Callianassa gravieri&lt;/i&gt;), material (with somewhat different data) mentioned in Holthuis (1953). &ndash; NHMW 23020, 2 ovigerous females (cl 3.3, 3.6), Fiji, Viti Levu, Waidroka Resort (18&deg;16.323'S 177&deg;54.174'E), intertidal mud, S. De Grave coll. 3 October 2005.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt; (amended from Komai &amp; Tachikawa, 2008). Carapace 0.24 of total body length; rostrum spiniform, directed slightly downward, falling slightly short of or nearly reaching midlength of eyestalk, anterolateral projection obtuse; anterolateral concavity moderately deep, with tiny cleft; dorsal oval well defined, smooth, cervical groove across about posterior 0.2 of carapace length; linea thalassinica extending to posterolateral margin of carapace.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Length ratio of first to sixth pleonal somites measured along midline 1.0: 1.53: 1.0: 0.9: 1.13: 1.4. First pleomere narrowing anteriorly in dorsal view; pleuron not distinctly delimited. Second pleomere with posterolateral margin of pleuron slightly produced, bearing tuft of few long setae. Third to fifth pleura each with prominent tuft of plumose setae; fourth and fifth pleura also each with longitudinal row of setae on ventral margin posteriorly; posteroventral margin of each pleuron rounded. Sixth pleomere slightly wider than long, subquadrate in dorsal view, bearing shallow notches on posterior one-third; no ventrolateral projection. Telson subrectangular, about as long as wide; dorsal surface nearly flat; lateral margin with two spiniform setae on posterolateral corner, with short transverse suture subproximally; posterior margin convex, median tooth absent or minute (Fig. 7 A, B).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Eyestalks contiguous, flattened, each reaching distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle, terminating in rounded projection anteromesially; lateral margin convex; cornea medial, disk-shaped, corneal width 1/2 to 2/3 of peduncular width.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Antennular peduncle as long or slightly longer than antennal peduncle; first segment short, partially concealed by eye-stalk in dorsal view; second segment slightly longer than first segment; third segment more than twice length of second segment, moderately slender, slightly tapering distally; second and third segments with row of long setae on ventral surfaces; antennular flagella both 1/2 to 2/3 as long as peduncle; dorsal flagellum slightly thicker, but shorter than ventral flagellum; ventral flagellum with tufts of long setae on ventral margin. Antennal peduncle reaching distal 0.15&ndash;0.2 of third segment of antennular peduncle; distal two segments subcylindrical; scaphocerite rudimentary, subovate; flagellum distinctly longer than carapace, with some setae on every 1 or 2 articles.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Epistome devoid of prominent tuft of setae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sternal shield on seventh thoracic somite trapezoidal, broadened anteriorly, divided by deep median groove; no conspicuous grooves delimiting anterolateral lobes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mandibles with large, 3-segmented palp, elongated third article of palp slightly tapered and terminally rounded, concave on proximal external surface; incisor process with row of rounded calcareous teeth on mesial margin, with deeply concave inner surface; molar process thin, with two small marginal teeth; paragnath rounded.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Maxillula with long, narrow endopod deflected proximally at articulation; proximal endite with very dense fine setation on lower mesial margin, terminal lobe with large setae; distal endite elongate, proximally narrow, and broadening terminally, where it is armed with short stiff bristles; exopodite low and setose.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Maxilla with stout, unsegmented endopod tapering distally and bearing subterminal tuft of long setae on lateral margin; scaphognathite moderately large, anterior lobe not reaching distal margin of basial endite; coxal endite with rounded plate on outer surface; anterior lobe of basial endite subtriangular.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First maxilliped with endopod reduced to rudimentary bud, still visible in outer view; exopod curved mesially, slightly overreaching distal margin of basial endite, weakly bilobed, with submarginal cluster of very long setae on outer surface mesially; epipod unilobed. Second maxilliped with moderately slender endopod; dactylus slightly longer than wide; exopod falling far short of distal margin of merus, hardly visible in outer view; epipod greatly reduced as rudimentary bud; podobranch absent. Third maxilliped without exopod; ischium-merus operculiform, 1.5 to 1.6 times longer than wide, with dense setation on ventral margin; ischium slightly longer than broad, distinctly widened distally, crista dentata consisting of row of small acute spines arranged in sinuous row on midline; merus about twice wider than long, distinctly shorter than ischium, unarmed on distomesial margin, ventrodistal angle not produced; carpus longer than wide, subequal in length to merus; propodus about twice longer than wide, slightly longer than carpus; dactylus slender, digitiform, shorter than propodus.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Chelipeds (first pereopods) greatly dissimilar in males and females (Fig. 2 A, B).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Major cheliped (Fig. 5 A, F, H) located on either right or left side of body (total: 74 left, 75 right), variable in length, armament and setation of dactylus, sometimes greatly elongate in males. Ischium moderately slender, becoming wider distally in general contour, dorsal margin sinuous, unarmed; lateral surface convex; ventral margin with row of 1&ndash;7 small teeth or denticles. Merus subequal in length to carpus; dorsal margin with row of small tubercles in proximal 0.3&ndash;0.4 (Fig. 6 A&ndash;J); lateral surface generally convex, ventral half forming shallow concavity accommodating proximal part of carpus; mesial surface slightly concave in general; ventral margin variable, from median spine to broadly subtriangular, strongly compressed, marginally denticulate projection, often notched medially in large males (Fig. 6 A, J). Carpus quadrate or subquadrate, sometimes elongate in males; dorsomesial and ventromesial margins sharply ridged, each edge smooth (Fig. 5 C) or slightly denticulated; lateral surface smooth, convex; mesial surface medially convex, margins strongly upturned. Palm with dorsal and ventral margin parallel or slightly diverging proximally, 1.0&ndash;1.1 times longer than wide; lateral surface smooth, convex, with tufts of short setae adjacent to margins; palmar process absent; mesial surface convex medially, without sculpture or armament, margins somewhat upturned, dorsomesial and ventromesial margins sharply ridged, smooth (Fig. 5 B). Fixed finger about half length of palm, clearly overreaching midlength of dactylus, nearly straight to noticeably curved, terminating in subacute or acute tip; cutting edge unarmed or minutely dentate; lateral surface convex, with tufts of short setae adjacent to cutting edge; ventral margin with several long setae; concavity on mesiodorsal part occasionally with patch of dense setae. Dactylus subequal in length to or shorter than palm, weakly hooked, terminating in acute or subacute tip; dorsal and lateral surfaces occasionally with mat of dense, soft setae; cutting edge variable, from sinuous (Fig. 5 H) to bearing 1 or 2 molar-like teeth (Fig. 5 A, F).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Minor cheliped (Fig. 5 D, E, G, I) rather slender, about 0.6&ndash;0.7 length of major cheliped, also showing considerable variation in stoutness and proportion of segments. Ischium with margins unarmed, ranging from slightly shorter to longer than merus; dorsal margin nearly straight; ventral margin weakly concave to straight, unarmed. Merus varying from shorter to slightly longer than carpus; dorsal margin convex, unarmed; lateral surface weakly convex, smooth; ventral margin usually with 1 small spine at midlength. Carpus 1.5&ndash;2.0 times longer than wide; dorsal and ventral margins bluntly ridged, smooth, with row of short setae. Palm as long as wide or slightly wider than long; dorsal margin bluntly ridged, smooth; ventral margin sharply ridged, with row of tufts or individual setae; lateral and mesial surfaces weakly convex, smooth. Fixed finger triangular, terminating in acute tip; cutting edge with small denticles. Dactylus longer than palm, as long as fixed finger, terminating in acute tip; dorsal margin rounded, with row of tufts of setae; cutting edge with small denticles; hiatus between fingers prominent, sometimes filled with dense setation (Fig. 5 E).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Second pereopod chelate, moderately long and slender; ischium with numerous setae along ventral margin; merus with dorsal margin smooth, nearly straight, ventral margin sinuous, with row of numerous long setae; carpus subtriangular; chela triangular, with scattered tufts of short setae on lateral surface; palm much shorter than fingers; both fingers triangular, terminating in small corneous tip, cutting edges bordered by thin corneous ridge; carpus and chela fringed with short to long setae along margins.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Third pereopod moderately stout; ischium with weakly produced ventrodistal angle; merus about 2.7 times longer than wide, with small spine on ventral margin proximally; carpus subtriangular, unarmed; propodus roundly subrectangular, about 1.5 times wider than long, with numerous tufts of short setae on lateral surface and row of numerous long setae along dorsal and ventral margins; ventral margin armed with 1 small subdistal spiniform seta practically obscured by simple setae; posterior margin not forming conspicuous heel; dactylus triangular, terminating in short, ventrolaterally directed corneous tip, lateral surface covered with short setae, dorsal and ventral margins with numerous short setae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fourth pereopod moderately stout, all segments unarmed; coxa flattened ventrally, unarmed, movable; propodus 2.4&ndash;2.6 times longer than wide, slightly longer than carpus, lateral surface and ventral margin densely setose; dactylus elongate oval, about 2.5 times longer than wide, terminating in small, corneous tip.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fifth pereopod chelate, moderately stout; propodus shorter than carpus, somewhat broadened distally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First and second pleopods absent in males. Female first pleopod with ramus slightly longer than protopod, abruptly tapering at midlength. Female second pleopod with exopod noticeably curved mesially, slightly shorter than endopod; endopod with shallow concavity on mesial margin slightly distal to midlength; protopod strongly curved. Third to fifth pleopods biramous, rami broad; appendices internae stubby, arising at about proximal 0.3 of endopod, distinctly projecting beyond margin of endopod, bearing numerous small adhesive hooks along subtruncate mesial margin.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Uropod overreaching posterior margin of telson. Endopod distinctly longer than wide, with obsolete middorsal carina and small dorsal plate, bordered with row of corneous spinules or stiff setae subterminally; posterior margin of endopod unarmed. Exopod nearly as long as wide, with broad middorsal carina, unarmed on posterior margin; dorsal plate conspicuous, bordered with mixture of spiniform setae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Size.&lt;/b&gt; Males from 2.5 to 6.8 mm cl, females (ovigerous) from 3.1 to 6.8 mm cl.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Colour.&lt;/b&gt; Chelipeds with a touch of pink on chelipeds dorsally, whitish ventrally, and red chromatophores on dorsal abdomen. Yellow to orange hepatopancreas and orange ovaries in mature females visible in abdomen through transparent integument. Hemolymph of body partially or entirely blue or green in many specimens (Fig. 1 D).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Parasites.&lt;/b&gt; Two males from Safaga (1986), 1 male from Ras Muhamed, 1 female each from Socotra and Dahab (Al Qura) were parasitised by a bopyrid isopod; one male from Bali had a cryptoniscid.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Habitat.&lt;/b&gt; Tidal flats consisting of fine to muddy fine sand, often between or near mangroves (Fig. 1 A, B). Here, &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; occurs in high densities of up to 454 individuals m -2; their burrow openings are characterised by small mounds and funnels (Fig. 1 C) (Dworschak &amp; Pervesler, 1988).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution.&lt;/b&gt; Red Sea, Egypt, Sudan; Gulf of Aden, Djibouti (type locality); Socotra; Persian Gulf; Madagascar; Chagos Archipelago (Borradaile, 1910 as &lt;i&gt;C. cristata&lt;/i&gt;), Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Fiji.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks.&lt;/b&gt; For &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;, the male:female ratio of individuals in samples with more than 20 specimens (Safaga May 1986, Nusa Dua, Tomioka) ranged from 1:1 to 1.46:1, the overall ratio for the studied specimens is 1.14:1. The percentage of ovigerous females in these three samples ranged from 0 (Nusa Dua) to 70% (Safaga) and 91% (Tomioka); altogether 39% of the females studied were ovigerous.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The differences between &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. gravieri&lt;/i&gt; as outlined by Nobili (1906) &mdash;propodus of P3 not projecting on its lower anterior border and telson with crests dorsally in the former versus anteriorly projecting P3 propodus (pl. 6 fig. 3a, b) and dorsally not crested telson in the latter (pl. 6 fig. 4b, d)&mdash;are rather subjective and could not be detected in the type material. Sakai (1999: 36) gives in the key as the difference between the two species the relative length of the antennular and antennal peduncles: &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; with A1 peduncle longer than A2 peduncle and &lt;i&gt;C. gravieri&lt;/i&gt; with A2 peduncle longer than A1 peduncle, but reported the other way round in the diagnoses (p. 41 and 43), both of which comply neither with the descriptions by Nobili (1906) &mdash;A1 peduncle longer than A2 peduncle&mdash;nor with the figures presented by Sakai (1999: fig. 6 a and b), which show clearly that A1 peduncle is longer than A2 peduncle in both species he considered as such.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Mich&egrave;le de Saint Laurent (N. Ngoc-Ho, pers. comm. 2001) considered &lt;i&gt;C. gravieri&lt;/i&gt; synonymous with &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;. The denticulation on the ischium of both P1 and the three spines on the merus of major P1 seem to confirm this view, as the P 1 in &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; shows great variations (compare Dworschak &amp; Pervesler, 1988) and the type specimen of &lt;i&gt;C. gravieri&lt;/i&gt; is very similar to small females of &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; (NHMW 6591/24). Unfortunately, the major cheliped is now missing. The missing telson spine and the ratio telson length/telson width points to &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;. Assuming a serrated upper border of the major cheliped, the specimen falls into &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; when included in the MDS and cluster analyses (not shown).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The specimen mentioned by Balss (1915) and re-investigated by de Man (1928a) is clearly a male &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt; with the major cheliped missing.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The two females from Kiribati mentioned by Holthuis (1953) as well as the two females from the Red Sea listed by Sakai (1999) are considered here to belong to &lt;i&gt;P. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;, because the chelipeds (as far as present on both sides) are unequal (see Fig. 2 B), the ischium of the major one shows spines on the lower margin and the telson lacks a spine.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; De Man (1928b) speculated on the synonymy of &lt;i&gt;C. cristata&lt;/i&gt; with &lt;i&gt;C. bouvieri&lt;/i&gt;; this was accepted by Sakai (1999) without further investigation of the type (which was lost according to de Man, 1928b).&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Dworschak, Peter C., 2012, On the identities of Callianassa bouvieri Nobili, 1904, C. maldivensis Borradaile, 1904, and C. gravieri Nobili, 1905 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae): a morphometric approach, pp. 39-5