Artificial intelligence in innovation research: A systematic review, conceptual framework, and future research directions

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly adopted by organizations to innovate, and this is ever more reflected in scholarly work. To illustrate, assess and map research at the intersection of AI and innovation, we performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of published work indexed in the Clarivate Web of Science (WOS) and Elsevier Scopus databases (the final sample includes 1448 articles). A bibliometric analysis was deployed to map the focal field in terms of dominant topics and their evolution over time. By deploying keyword co-occurrences, and bibliographic coupling techniques, we generate insights on the literature at the intersection of AI and innovation research. We leverage the SLR findings to provide an updated synopsis of extant scientific work on the focal research area and to develop an interpretive framework which sheds light on the drivers and outcomes of AI adoption for innovation. We identify economic, technological, and social factors of AI adoption in firms willing to innovate. We also uncover firms' economic, competitive and organizational, and innovation factors as key outcomes of AI deployment. We conclude this paper by developing an agenda for future research

Prevalence of HPV in Oesophageal Biopsies and its Correlation with Expression Of P16INK4A

Background: The association of Human papillomavirus (HPV ) and p16INK4a is well established with cervical malignancies and has been studied in oral mucosa also. Koilocytosis, that is considered to be a hallmark of HPV infection is also seen in oesophageal mucosa. Aims: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HPV in biopsies from inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of oesophagus and correlate it with expression of p16INK4a. Materials and Methods: The study included 102 oesophageal biopsies. Haematoxylin & Eosin stained sections were examined for morphological details including koilocytosis. Immunohistochemistry for HPV and p16INK4a were done on 50 biopsies. HPV positivity was graded and scoring for p16INK4a was done. Results: Various grades of koilocytosis was noted in 68.75%, 94.73% and 72.91% controls, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions respectively. IHC for HPV was positive in 80% control, 75% inflammatory and 100% cases of neoplastic lesion. Complete score for p16INK4a was 0.60, 0.59 and 3.63 in control, inflammatory and neoplastic lesion. The difference in expression of p16INK4a between neoplastic and inflammatory lesion was statistically significant. Conclusion: Expression of p16INK4a protein showed good correlation with HPV infection in inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. Thus IHC for p16INK4a which is easily available can be used as an indirect evidence of HPV infection in neoplastic lesion where expensive molecular technique for HPV DNA measurement is not feasibl

Performance Analysis of Digital Video Watermarking using Discrete Cosine Transform

In this paper, we have suggested the transform domain method for digital video watermarking for embedding invisible watermarks behind the video. It is used for copyright protection as well as proof of ownership. In this paper, we first extracted the frames from the video and then used frequency domain characteristics of the frames for watermarking. In this paper, we have specifically used the characteristics of the Discrete Cosine Transform for watermarking and calculated different parameters

Possible mechanisms of hypotension produced 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna (L.) in anaesthetized dogs

BACKGROUND: The bark of Terminalia arjuna L. (Combretaceae) is used in Ayurveda since ancient times for the treatment of cardiac disorders. Previous laboratory investigations have demonstrated the use of the bark in cardiovascular complications. The present study was aimed to find the effect of 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna on anaesthetized dog blood pressure and probable site of action. METHODS: Six dogs were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of thiopental sodium and the blood pressure of each dog (n = 6) was measured from the left common carotid artery connected to a mercury manometer on kymograph. The femoral vein was cannulated for administration of drug solutions. The extract of T. arjuna (dissolved in propylene glycol) in the dose range of 5 to 15 mg/kg were administered intravenously in a pilot study and the dose (6 mg/kg) which produced appreciable hypotension was selected for further studies. RESULTS: Intravenous administration of T. arjuna produced dose-dependent hypotension in anaesthetized dogs. The hypotension produced by 6 mg/kg dose of the extract was blocked by propranolol but not by atropine or mepyramine maleate. This indicates that muscarinic or histaminergic mechanisms are not likely to be involved in the hypotension produced by the extract. The blockade by propranolol of the hypotension produced by T. arjuna indicates that the extract might contain active compound(s) possessing adrenergic ß(2)-receptor agonist action and/or that act directly on the heart muscle. CONCLUSION: The results indicated the likely involvement of peripheral mechanism for hypotension produced by the 70% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna and lends support for the claims of its traditional usage in cardiovascular disorders

Sea truth data collection: estimation of diffuse attenuation coefficient in ocean colour mapping

Phytoplankton pigments in the ocean waters are the prime synthesisers in marine food chain which in turn terminate as pelagic or benthic nekton. They perform about half of the total global photosynthesis and compr is ethe upper consumption and production. These are the substances that have definite spectral characteristics and thereby govern the ocean colour