A Builder's Guide to Water and Energy

The work on which this report is based was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Research and Technology (Project A-Q65-ALAS), US. Department of the interior, Washington, D.C., as authorized by the Water Research and Development Act of 1978

Stochastic turbulence modeling in RANS simulations via Multilevel Monte Carlo

A multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for quantifying model-form uncertainties associated with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations is presented. Two, high-dimensional, stochastic extensions of the RANS equations are considered to demonstrate the applicability of the MLMC method. The first approach is based on global perturbation of the baseline eddy viscosity field using a lognormal random field. A more general second extension is considered based on the work of [Xiao et al.(2017)], where the entire Reynolds Stress Tensor (RST) is perturbed while maintaining realizability. For two fundamental flows, we show that the MLMC method based on a hierarchy of meshes is asymptotically faster than plain Monte Carlo. Additionally, we demonstrate that for some flows an optimal multilevel estimator can be obtained for which the cost scales with the same order as a single CFD solve on the finest grid level.Comment: 40 page

The change in the order of catalytic action of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride in the ketonic splitting of ethyl acetoacetate

The catalytic action of neutral salts on many reactions has been investigated under various conditions, and a large number of explanations have been put forward. In this work the catalytic action of normal solutions of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride in the presence of .1 N. hydrochloric acid on the ketonic splitting of ethyl acetoacetate has been investigated at several temperatures between 80⁰C. and 95⁰C. An attempt has been made to explain the results obtained --Introduction, page 1

Modeling Helicopter Near-Horizon Harmonic Noise due to Transient Maneuvers

A new first principles model has been developed to estimate the external harmonic noise radiation for a helicopter performing transient maneuvers in the longitudinal plane. This model, which simulates the longitudinal fuselage dynamics, main rotor blade flapping, and far field acoustics, was validated using in-flight measurements and recordings from ground microphones during a full-scale flight test featuring a Bell 206B-3 helicopter. The flight test was specifically designed to study transient maneuvers. The validated model demonstrated that the flapping of the main rotor blades does not significantly affect the acoustics radiated by the helicopter during maneuvering flight. Furthermore, the model also demonstrated that Quasi-Static Acoustic Mapping (Q-SAM) methods can be used to reliably predict the noise radiated during transient maneuvers. The model was also used to identify and quantify the contributions of main rotor thickness noise, low frequency loading noise, and blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise during maneuvering flight for the Bell 206B-3 helicopter. Pull-up and push-over maneuvers from pure longitudinal cyclic and pure collective control inputs were investigated. The contribution of thickness noise and low frequency loading noise during maneuvering flight was found to depend on the orientation of the tip-path plane relative to the observer. The contribution of impulsive BVI noise during maneuvering flight was found to depend on the inflow through the main rotor and the orientation of the tip-path plane relative to the observer

Early administration of the Flathead Indian Reservation, 1855-1893

The author provides a convenient summary of the Office of Indian Affairs records for the 1855 through1881 period but provides little critical evaluation. Includes conversations with Chief Victor, Charlo, Michelle, Enoas. Work of Ronan and Owen

The alchemy of tendon repair: A primer for the (S)mad scientist

During vertebrate development, mesenchymal progenitors capable of forming bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, or tendon arise from either neural crest or somitic mesoderm. Transcriptional programs that specify mesenchymal cell fates are initiated and modified by paracrine cues provided by TGF-β superfamily members and mediated in part via the regulated assembly of Smad-containing multiprotein transcription factor complexes. In this issue of the JCI, Hoffmann and colleagues have identified that Smad8 activation drives tendon formation from C3H10T1/2 cells, a murine cell line that recapitulates many features of normal multipotent mesenchymal cells (see the related article beginning on page 940). Cells programmed to the tenocyte cell fate in vitro formed tenogenic grafts in vivo. These results add to the accumulating evidence that proliferating, multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells can be programmed to yield multiple cell types — e.g., osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes, and tenocytes — that may be useful in cell-based therapeutic approaches to musculoskeletal diseases