The profession of detective in the Republic of Slovenia - the perception of students at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security of University of Maribor and the opinion of Slovenian detectives on the scales

Namen prispevka: Namen raziskave je bil proučiti zanimanje študentov Fakultete za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru za detektivsko delo, poznavanje vhodnih pogojev za opravljanje poklica in tipičnih delovnih nalog detektiva ter mnenje študentov primerjati z dejanskimi izkušnjami slovenskih detektivov. Posledično bi na takšen način ugotovili, kako bi lahko med študentsko oziroma mlajšo populacijo ljudi v Sloveniji dosegli boljše razumevanje detektivske dejavnosti. Metode: Opravljen je bil pregled relevantnih znanstvenih in strokovnih del. Z metodo anketiranja smo s pomočjo dveh raziskovalnih vprašalnikov ugotavljali razlike in podobnosti mnenj študentov Fakultete za varnostne vede in slovenskih detektivov o opravljanju dela detektiva. Ugotovitve: Iz ocene študentov lahko sklepamo, da študenti Fakultete za varnostne vede ne vedo, kako je z detektivskim delom v praksi. Poklic detektiva jim je sicer zanimiv. Seznanjeni so z nekaterimi pogoji za opravljanje poklica. Kot tipične delovne naloge detektiva vidijo študenti v večji meri kot detektivi preverjanje nezvestobe, zlorabe drog in iskanje pogrešanih oseb, detektivi pa kot o tipičnih delovnih nalogah v večji meri poročajo o pisanju poročil in vročanju pisemskih pošiljk v imenu naročnikov. V prihodnosti bi bilo treba več pozornosti nameniti detektivskemu delu v praksi in temu, kako poklic približati javnosti, ter na takšen način razbiti še vedno prisotne mite o detektivskem delu. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Gre za prvo tako obsežno študijo o mnenju študentov Fakultete za varnostne vede glede detektivske dejavnosti v Sloveniji

Ocena kompetenc zasebnih varnostnikov v Sloveniji z vidika uporabnikov varnostnih storitev ter varnostnih menedžerjev

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to reveal the competence of security guards, mainly through the eyes of security managers and users of security services, in the area of security personnel’s competence in carrying out security tasks. In this paper, we wish to ascertain how the guards’ competencies are assessed by security managers and security service users, and if their assessments differ. We also analyse whether there are differences between the competencies self-assessed by private security guards and how they are assessed by their managers and service users. Methods: For the purposes of the literature review, we analysed domestic and foreign sources and domestic legislation, and conducted a quantitative survey on competencies with all three groups (users of security services, security managers, security guards). For the data collection, we employed a questionnaire to evaluate competencies using a five-point scale. Findings: The findings suggest security guards’ interpersonal competencies are evaluated better by the users of security services than by security guards themselves. Both security guards and security managers assessed themselves similarly in terms of their own interpersonal competencies. To realise the full potential of the non-government institutional, as well as non-institutional, provision of security, the mentality of the management structures of both the users and providers of security services must change, while also better educating the security personnel, ensuring a suitable salary for their work, and demanding the correct performance of their tasks and duties. Originality/Value: The paper provides a useful starting point in the field of private security for the development of competence models, which should be based on employee competencies and security services users’ needs.Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je prikazati razvoj zasebnega varovanja v Republiki Sloveniji predvsem skozi oči varnostnih menedžerjev in uporabnikov varnostnih storitev na področju kompetenc varnostnega osebja, ki izvaja varnostne naloge. V prispevku želimo ugotoviti, kako varnostni menedžerji in uporabniki varnostnih storitev ocenjujejo kompetence zaposlenih, ali med njimi prihaja do razkoraka. Prav tako bomo analizirali, ali prihaja do razlik med samooceno kompetenc varnostnikov ter oceno teh kompetenc s strani njihovih vodij in uporabnikov njihovih storitev. Metode: Za namene pregleda literature smo analizirali domače in tuje vire ter zakonodajo, v delu kompetenc pa smo opravili anketiranje vseh treh skupin (uporabnikov varnostnih storitev, varnostnih menedžerjev, varnostnikov). Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili vprašalnik, kjer smo kompetence ocenjevali s pomočjo petstopenjske lestvice. Ugotovitve: Ugotovitve kažejo, da medosebne kompetence varnostnega osebja više ocenjujejo naročniki/uporabniki varnostnih storitev kot varnostniki (varnostno osebje). Za razvoj vseh potencialov nedržavnega institucionalnega zagotavljanja varnosti je treba spremeniti naravnanost tako ponudnikov varnostnih storitev kakor tudi uporabnikov varnostnih storitev, hkrati pa izboljšati usposabljanje, predvsem neformalno, varnostnega osebja, ki bo za primerno plačo kvalitetno izvajalo svoje naloge in dolžnosti. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek predstavlja kratek pregled razvoja zasebnega varovanja v Republiki Sloveniji ter predstavlja enega od izhodišč za razvoj kompetenčnih modelov na področju zasebnega varovanja, ki mora temeljiti na sposobnostih zaposlenih, ki jih pričakujejo in potrebujejo uporabniki varnostnih storitev

Municipal Wardens in Slovenia – The Analysis of Current Developments and Perspectives

Namen prispevka: Varnost je pomemben dejavnik za zadovoljstvo prebivalcev lokalne skupnosti. Za zagotavljanje varnosti je pomembno sodelovanje različnih akterjev, še posebej policije in občinskega redarstva. Namen prispevka je predstaviti organe za zagotavljanje varnosti na lokalni ravni, kot sta občinsko redarstvo in občinska inšpekcija, predstaviti zakonsko ureditev ter analizirati njihov razvoj. Metode: Z analizo vsebine pisnih virov smo pregledali strokovno literaturo in zakonodajo ter naredili primerjalno analizo zakonov. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo in metodo klasifikacije, ki sta nam pomagali pri analiziranju in predstavitvi lokalnih organov za zagotavljanje varnosti ter umestitvi na slovensko področje. Ugotovitve: Sodelovanje med policisti in občinskimi redarji se v nekaterih primerih ni razvilo v tej meri, da bi ustrezalo partnerstvu. Redarstvo je občinski prekrškovni organ, katerega delovno področje določajo zakoni in predpisi. Občinsko redarstvo se je začelo razvijati leta 1998 s sprejetjem Zakona o varnosti cestnega prometa (ZVCP, 1998). Od takrat so se pristojnosti in pooblastila samo še razvijala in nadgrajevala. V slovenskem prostoru je to dokaj mlada dejavnost, saj se je razvoj občinskih redarstev pojavil šele leta 2006 s sprejetjem Zakona o občinskem redarstvu (ZORed, 2006). Izkušnje iz prakse kažejo, da je bistvo občinskih redarjev opozarjanje, izvajanje nekaterih ukrepov v prometu in mandatno kaznovanje storilcev prekrškov. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek predstavlja pregled razvoja lokalnih organov za zagotavljanje varnosti v Republiki Sloveniji.Purpose: Safety is an important factor for the satisfaction of local community residents. The cooperation of various actors is important to ensure safety, especially the cooperation of the police and municipal warden service. The purpose of this paper is to present the authorities for ensuring safety at the local level, such as municipal warden service and municipal inspection service, to present the regulation, and analyse their development. Design/Methods/Approach: We analysed the content of the written sources, reviewed the scientific literature and legislation, and made a comparative analysis of the laws. In addition, we used the descriptive method and the method of classification, which assist us in analysing and presenting the local authorities for ensuring safety in the Republic of Slovenia. Findings: In some cases, cooperation between police officers and municipal wardens did not develop into a partnership. Wardens are a municipal misdemeanour body whose work area is determined by the laws and the regulations. The municipal warden service began to develop in 1998, with the adoption of the Road Traffic Safety Act (Zakon o varnosti cestnega prometa, 1998). The responsibilities and powers have been developed and upgraded since then. The municipal warden service is a young service in Slovenia. It was established in 2006, with the adoption of the Act on local police (Zakon o občinskem redarstvu, 2006). The experience shows that the essence of the municipal wardens is a warning, the implementation of certain measures in the traffic and the mandate punishing of the offenders

Integral Corporate Security

Varnost je na splošno ena izmed najpomembnejših prvin človeštva, zato se je tudi v organizacijah razvila dejavnost, imenovana korporativna varnost, ki zagotavlja varnost na različnih področjih. Ne glede na njeno pomembnost, se ji še vedno ne posveča dovolj pozornosti, zato praktikum predstavlja različne poglede na sam pojem, njene začetke oz. zgodovino in vse, kar dejansko sestavlja celovit proces zagotavljanja varnosti v organizacijah. Skozi praktikum se bralec seznani z vsem, kar je pomembno pri zagotavljanju varnosti oseb, premoženja, infrastrukture in vsega drugega, kar tvori korporativno varnost. S predstavitvijo vseh pojmov, definicij, postopkov in procesov postane razumevanje temeljnega pojma precej lažje, kar pripomore k enostavnejšemu odgovarjanju na vprašanja, ki so zastavljena po vsakem poglavju. Preko vprašanj bralec utrdi svoje znanje, hkrati pa upamo, da v njem vzbudi še večje zanimanje za področje korporativne varnosti.Security is generally one of the most important elements of humanity, so an activity called corporate security has also developed in organizations, which ensures security in various areas. Regardless of its importance, it is still not given enough attention. That is why the practicum presents different views on the concept itself, its beginnings or history and everything that actually makes up the complete process of ensuring security in organizations. Through the practicum, the reader gets acquainted with everything that is important in ensuring the safety of persons, property, infrastructure and everything else that makes up corporate security. By presenting all concepts, definitions, procedures and processes, the understanding of the basic concept becomes much easier, which helps to answer more easily the questions that are asked after each chapter. Through the questions, the reader consolidates his knowledge, and at the same time we hope that it arouses in him an even greater interest in the field of corporate security

Integral Corporate Security

Namen prispevka: V zadnjih letih je bilo v Sloveniji veliko pozornosti namenjene proučevanju in raziskovanju policijskega dela, policijskih organizacij, zasebnega varovanja in zasebnih varnostnih služb, veliko manj pa integralni korporativni varnosti. Namen prispevka je bralcu prikazati osnove integralne korporativne varnosti in njen obseg. Metode: S pomočjo deskriptivne metode in sinteze pridobljenih ter obstoječih znanj smo analizirali in predstavili integralno korporativno varnost. Z analizo vsebine pisnih virov smo naredili pregled domače in tuje literature ter zakonov, ki so pomembni za področje obravnavane tematike. Ugotovitve: Po pregledu literature je razvidno, da področje integralne korporativne varnosti v Sloveniji ni podrobno raziskano. V prihodnje bo treba dobro prakso iz tujine prenesti v Slovenijo, hkrati pa je priporočljivo, da se tako v teoriji kot v praksi začne z razvijanjem omenjenega področja. Da bi zagotovili ustrezno integralno korporativno varnost, mora organizacija sprejeti številne ukrepe in aktivnosti. Le ti se morajo nato tudi ustrezno upoštevati in izvajati. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Obravnavanje integralne korporativne varnosti in pregled njenih glavnih delov sta namenjena za usposabljanje strokovne javnosti in seznanitev splošne javnosti.Purpose: Considerable attention has been devoted to study and research of policing, police organizations, private security and private security services in Slovenia in the last years. The integral corporate security has not received so much attention. The purpose of the paper is to present the basics of integral corporate security and its scope. Methods: The integral corporate security was analysed and presented by descriptive methods and the synthesis of acquired and existing knowledge. An overview of literature and laws was made by analysing the content of written sources. Findings: The literature review has shown that the integral corporate security has not been studied a lot in Slovenia. It will be necessary in the future to transfer a good practice from abroad to Slovenia. There is a lot of work ahead and it is recommended to start developing this field in practice as well as in theory. To ensure the proper integral corporate security it is necessary for each organization to introduce several measures and activities. Furthermore, they should implement them and the people should consider them. Originality: The overview of integral corporate security and the review of its main parts can be used for the training purposes of professional public and to inform the general public about its importance

Korporativna obveščevalna dejavnost kot nova realnost

Namen prispevka: V prispevku želi avtor širši strokovni javnosti in tudi akademski skupnosti predstaviti nujnost korporativne obveščevalne dejavnosti oz. njene uporabe v sodobnem globalnem podjetništvu v obliki korporativne varnosti. Predstaviti ključne koncepte korporativne obveščevalne dejavnosti, vključno s konkurenčno obveščevalno dejavnostjo ter vire in zvrsti pridobivanja podatkov, vključno s fazami procesa konkurenčne obveščevalne dejavnosti. Opredeliti ključne pravne vire, ki so relevantni za korporativno obveščevalno dejavnost v Republiki Sloveniji in s tem postaviti normativni okvir zbiranja podatkov v Republiki Sloveniji. Opredeliti možne zlorabe, ki se jih morajo zavedati sodobne organizacije, če želijo uspešno in predvsem varno poslovati na globalnem nivoju. Metode: Opravljen je bil pregled literature. V pravnem delu prispevka je avtor implementiral pravno raziskovalno metodologijo, analiziral primarne vire, kot so primeri pravne prakse in pravni akti, ter uporabil preglede pravnih virov, pravnih slovarjev in enciklopedij za vzpostavitev pravnih pojmov o raziskovani tematiki. Ugotovitve: Korporativna obveščevalna dejavnost s poudarkom na konkurenčni obveščevalni dejavnosti in samo zavedanje nujnosti korporativne varnosti v sodobnem globalnem podjetništvu predstavljajo neizogiben korak na poti h konkurenčnemu in varnemu globalnemu poslovanju, z zavedanjem zunanjih tveganj ter izkoriščanjem svojih prednosti in poznavanjem tržnih značilnosti. Praktična uporabnost: Dvig ozaveščenosti sodobnih organizacij, ki želijo poslovati varno, predvsem z vidika globalnega poslovanja. Predstaviti tveganja, ki jim na trgu pretijo, oziroma možnosti njihovega lastnega konkurenčnega razvoja. Ponuditi orodje obvladovanja izzivov in nadgradnje poslovanja z vidika konkurenčnosti in varnosti na trgu. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek predstavlja koncept korporativne obveščevalne dejavnosti z nadgradnjo v konkurenčno obveščevalno dejavnost in korporativno varnost kot tako prikazuje kot neizogibno potrebno orodje obvladovanja tveganj ter doseganja konkurenčnosti in varnosti v globalnem podjetništvu. Ugotovitve prispevka so namenjene vsem organizacijam, predvsem pa tistim, ki poslujejo globalno, oz. njihovim menedžerjem, direktorjem, lastnikom, podjetnikom in odgovornim za varnostne sisteme v organizaciji. Upoštevajoč navedene praktične sfere prispevek predstavlja uporabno orodje akademikom in raziskovalcem pri definiranju različnih vidikov korporativne obveščevalne dejavnosti ter menedžerjem, ki želijo s konkurenčno obveščevalno dejavnostjo uspešno poslovati

Vpliv evropske Splošne uredbe o varstvu osebnih podatkov (GDPR) na mobilne naprave

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine novelties introduced by the European Regulation (2016/679) on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data (GDPR) and its key impacts on mobile device users. The paper also presents some of the main changes affecting both natural persons and legal entities. Further, certain issues that might occur while implementing the Regulation are raised together with the degree of individuals’ awareness of the need to protect the personal data stored on their mobile devices. Design/Methods/Approach: For the purpose of this paper, we reviewed the legislation, Slovenian and international literature, brochures and media stories in the field of personal data protection. We also used a questionnaire to determine the degree of awareness of the importance of protecting personal data among the general population. Findings: The findings show that no revolutionary changes are introduced. Nevertheless, quite a few novelties concern data controllers and processors. In particular, penalties for breaching the GDPR are now much higher. Individuals’ rights are strengthened and easier to control. In contrast, data controllers and processors are subject to more stringent duties and legal obligations. These changes also apply to mobile device users. The research findings show that individuals are relatively well aware of the concept of personal datahowever, the scope of their knowledge shrinks as this concept becomes increasingly complex. Familiarity with the new Regulation (2016/679) having been introduced at the EU level was claimed by 55% of the respondents (N = 195). Research Limitations / Implications: The limitations stem from the selective choice of the GDPR’s impact on mobile device users. More important influences are emphasised. Originality/Value: The findings will help both individuals and legal entities understand the changes brought to the area of data protection and tackle them more successfully.Namen prispevka: V prispevku smo predstavili ključni vpliv evropske uredbe (2016/679) o varstvu posameznikov pri obdelavi osebnih podatkov na uporabnike mobilnih naprav. Poleg vpliva smo predstavili ključne spremembe, ki vplivajo tako na fizične kot tudi na velik delež pravnih oseb. Poudarili smo določeno problematiko, s katero se organizacije srečujejo. Hkrati smo prikazali stanje ozaveščenosti ljudi o varstvu osebnih podatkov na mobilnih napravah. Metode: Prispevek temelji na pregledu zakonodaje ter domače in tuje literature, brošur in medijskih člankov na področju varstva osebnih podatkov. Izvedli smo tudi anketo, kjer nas je zanimala ozaveščenost o pomembnosti varstva osebnih podatkov. Ugotovitve: Na področju je prišlo do številnih novosti, ki so spremenile način upravljanja in obdelave. Predvsem se bodo povečale globe za kršitelje. Pravice posameznika bodo podkrepljene in lažje nadzorovane. Po drugi strani bodo upravljavci in obdelovalci dobili veliko novih dolžnosti. Spremembe veljajo tudi za uporabnike mobilnih naprav. Ugotovitve raziskave so pokazale, da ljudje sorazmerno dobro poznajo pojem osebni podatek, vendar se to znanje s kompleksnostjo pojma zmanjšuje. Udeleženci so v 55 % (N = 195) odgovorili, da vedo za prihod nove uredbe (2016/679). Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Omejitve so pri selektivni izbiri vpliva uredbe na uporabnike mobilnih naprav. Poudarjeni so pomembnejši vplivi. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Ugotovitve prispevka bodo pomagale tako posameznikom kot tudi organizacijam pri dojemanju sprememb in zato lažjem spoprijemanju z njimi

Professionalization of Private Security in Slovenia

Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je bil opraviti analizo razvoja zasebnega varstva, predstaviti razvitost posameznih značilnosti poklicev/profesij in nakazati rešitve za nadaljevanje procesa profesionalizacije zasebnega varovanja in detektivske dejavnosti v Sloveniji. Metode: Opravljen je bil pregled znanstvenih in strokovnih del, zakonskih in podzakonskih aktov, evidenc, seznamov in spletnih strani državnih organov, zbornic, izobraževalnih ustanov, profesionalnih združenj idr. Prispevek je koncipiran okrog ključnih značilnosti procesa profesionalizacije, kot so zakonska zaščitenost poklica/profesije, izobraževanje in usposabljanje, profesionalna etika, obstoj strokovnih revij, profesionalna združenja in odnosi z javnostmi.Ugotovitve:Zasebno varovanje in detektivska dejavnost se v Sloveniji razvijata že približno trideset let. V tem času so se razvili različni poklici, določeni so bili poklicni standardi in nastale so ustanove, ki se ukvarjajo z izobraževanjem in usposabljanjem. Poklici na področju zasebnega varovanja so bolje zakonsko zaščiteni kot detektivski poklic. Med ostalimi značilnostmi procesa profesionalizacije sta zelo izražena profesionalna etika in obstoj profesionalnih združenj, kar pa ne preseneča, saj sta celo zapovedana z zakonom. Slabše kaže na področju strokovnih revij in odnosov z javnostmi, saj je zasebno varstvo v družbi še vedno slabo prepoznavno. Za uspešen nadaljnji razvoj in profesionalizacijo zasebnega varstva bo treba dokončno urediti področje izobraževanja in usposabljanja, preprečiti nelojalno konkurenco, zasebnovarnostnemu osebju pa zagotoviti boljše plače. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Gre za prvo celostno študijo in oceno procesa profesionalizacije zasebnega varstva v Sloveniji v zadnjih dvajsetih letih.Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to analyse the development of private security, to present how individual characteristics of occupations/professions are developed and to provide solutions for the continuation of the process of professionalization of private security and detective activity in Slovenia.Design/Methods/Approach:We reviewed the scientific and professional works, legislative and executive acts, records, lists and websites of public authorities, chambers, educational institutions, professional associations and others. The article is conceptualized around the key characteristics of the process of professionalization such as legal protection of occupation/profession, education and training, professional ethics, the existence of professional journals, professional associations and public relations. Findings:Private security and private detective activities have been developing in Slovenia for some thirty years. During this period, various occupations developed, professional standards were defined, and education and training institutions were established. Occupations in the field of private security are better legally protected than detective profession. Among other characteristics of the process of professionalization, the professional ethics and professional associations are highly expressed, which is not surprising, because they are even prescribed by law. It is worse in the field of professional journals and public relations, because private security is still poorly recognized in society. For the successful further development and professionalization of private security, the field of education and training will have to be finally regulated, the unfair competition will have to be prevented, while private security personnel will have to be provided with better salaries.Originality/Value: This is the first comprehensive study and assessment of the process of professionalization of private security in Slovenia in the last twenty years

Illegal Trade in Exotic Animals and Its Impacts in Slovenia—A Case Study

Currently, the illegal wildlife trade is one of the most profitable illegal enterprises in the world. The aim of our study was to determine the situation with respect to wildlife trade in Slovenia, which is mainly a transit country, before changes to the Schengen borders came into effect. The volume of trade is significant but not extensive. The most common endangered species involved in illegal trade in Slovenia are the brown bear, the peregrine falcon, the date mussel, the lady’s slipper orchid, the common snowdrop, the cyclamen, the sea turtle, the otter, and various reptile species. The smuggling of shells (date shells), ivory (ivory products), certain plants, and various hunting trophies (bears, big cats) has decreased in recent years. Nevertheless, counteracting crimes continues to be important for the conservation of some species in Slovenia, notably the lynx, and for the reduction of poaching. Improvements are needed in the detection and prevention of wildlife crime, especially in light of changes made to the Schengen borders and the consequent inclusion of new trading partners for Slovenia. The lack of people properly trained to identify, detect, and investigate wildlife crime is especially acute

Ensuring corporate security and its strategic communication in healthcare institutions in Slovenia

Ensuring corporate security is an essential and critical component of any healthcare facility to provide safe services to its patients and employees. Healthcare facilities must employ a variety of strategies to ensure corporate security. This includes developing a comprehensive communication plan that defines the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders. The objective of our study was to present the concept of corporate security in healthcare institutions and in the Slovenian healthcare system, to highlight current threats in healthcare institutions in Slovenia, to describe the importance of strategic communication of corporate security in healthcare, and finally to define the current state of corporate security in Slovenian healthcare institutions in Slovenia. A survey was conducted and distributed to healthcare institutions in Slovenia to obtain results. A total of 154 healthcare stakeholders participated in our study. The results showed that corporate security is present in Slovenian healthcare facilities, but additional efforts are needed to improve it, especially considering the current challenges related to the measures taken after the COVID-19 epidemic and the shortage of healthcare personnel. The legal processes of corporate security in healthcare facilities comply with applicable laws and regulations to protect the interests of their patients and employees. Operational security processes are currently provided primarily by internal providers. There is a need for improvement, particularly in the training and education of staff, who play the most important role in ensuring safety. To effectively establish comprehensive corporate security, strategic communication with all stakeholders is essential to ensure that their security policies and procedures are properly implemented