Egg Yolk Colour Depending upon the Composition of the Feeding Mixture for Laying Hens

The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of replacement of fish meal by specially treated meal made of yellow lupin seed in relation to the yolk colour. The experiment was performed with 72 laying hens divided into two groups. The experimental group including 36 laying hens received a feeding mixture containing meal made of yellow lupin seed (the JUNO variety) which replaced fish meal used as an animal protein component in feeding mixtures in the control group. Samples of eggs were collected monthly in the course of seven months to determine the colour of egg yolk. Yolk colour was determined by the spectrophotometric method using the CIELAB system. Measurement with the exclusion of gloss was carried out using a portable spectrophotometer. The average values of parameter L* decreased significantly (α = 0.05), which confirmed the darkening of eggs. Parameters a* showed a significant increase (ANOVA α = 0.01), whereas the differences in the individual months ranged from 1.1 to 3.9. Yolk had distinct red-orange colour. Parameters b* did not show significant differences, however, the yolk tended to have an intensive yellow colour. The presence of yellow lupin seed meal in the feeding mixture resulted in a more distinct yellow-red colour of egg yolk

Rank-width and Tree-width of H-minor-free Graphs

We prove that for any fixed r>=2, the tree-width of graphs not containing K_r as a topological minor (resp. as a subgraph) is bounded by a linear (resp. polynomial) function of their rank-width. We also present refinements of our bounds for other graph classes such as K_r-minor free graphs and graphs of bounded genus.Comment: 17 page

Comparison of different methods of antioxidant activity evaluation of green and roast C. Arabica and C. Robusta coffee beans

Coffee beans contain a large amount of antioxidants, which are subjected to various changes during roasting. In this study, antioxidant potential of raw and roasted to different degree (light, medium, dark) C. arabica and C. robusta coffee beans was evaluated by the four antioxidant assay methods, TPC, FRAP, TEAC, and DPPH˙. The obtained results revealed significant differences between the coffee types, roasting degree, and antioxidant activity assessment methods. FRAP and TPC appeared to be the most appropriate methods for revealing the differences in antioxidant potential of different coffee types and the effects of roasting. The results obtained by these methods were in good correlation. ABTS and DPPH? methods are not enough sensitive for the determination of roasting degrees. In general, based on statistical data evaluation, antioxidant activity is more dependent on the coffee type than on the degree of roasting, however, the selection of analytical method may also be significant

Distribution of species from the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) in European Russia except the Caucasus

The study of the insect distribution in geographical areas is relevant since it is important in terms of understanding the global trend of biodiversity decline. The paper presents the results of a study on the distribution of six species of Panorpidae (Mecoptera), carried out in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2017–2020. One part of data was collected by the authors. Other material was provided by colleagues from 11 regions in Russia. In European Russia, six species of Panorpa are reliably known, namely Panorpa alpina, P. cognata, P. communis, P. germanica, P. hybrida, and P. vulgaris. The most common and frequently encountered species are P. communis (in 21 regions), P. hybrida (in 12 regions), P. vulgaris (in 11 regions), and P. cognata (in 11 regions). It is assumed that all studied species can be found in other regions of European Russia as a result of further investigations. Among the studied species, P. alpina and P. germanica are the rarest species, recorded from two and one regions, respectively. Panorpa vulgaris was found for the first time in Russia

Lattice models and Landau theory for type II incommensurate crystals

Ground state properties and phonon dispersion curves of a classical linear chain model describing a crystal with an incommensurate phase are studied. This model is the DIFFOUR (discrete frustrated phi4) model with an extra fourth-order term added to it. The incommensurability in these models may arise if there is frustration between nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interactions. We discuss the effect of the additional term on the phonon branches and phase diagram of the DIFFOUR model. We find some features not present in the DIFFOUR model such as the renormalization of the nearest-neighbor coupling. Furthermore the ratio between the slopes of the soft phonon mode in the ferroelectric and paraelectric phase can take on values different from -2. Temperature dependences of the parameters in the model are different above and below the paraelectric transition, in contrast with the assumptions made in Landau theory. In the continuum limit this model reduces to the Landau free energy expansion for type II incommensurate crystals and it can be seen as the lowest-order generalization of the simplest Lifshitz-point model. Part of the numerical calculations have been done by an adaption of the Effective Potential Method, orginally used for models with nearest-neighbor interaction, to models with also next-nearest-neighbor interactions.Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures, RevTex, submitted to Phys. Rev.