Study of radiolabelling of hyaluronic acid by oxidative iodination

Eliška Dvořáčková 2009 Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra biofyziky a fyzikální chemie V ramci teto prace byla prostudovana literatura, tykajici se vlastnosti a využiti kyseliny hyaluronove a metod radioaktivniho značeni sloučenin se zaměřenim na jodaci. V experimentalni časti prace byly vyzkoušeny dvě metody oxidativni jodace hyaluronove kyseliny modifikovane tyraminem s nejnižšim stupněm modifikace ( HA - Tm - 1 ). Prvni použita chloraminova metoda se ukazala jako nevhodna, diky přitomnosti oxidačniho činidla ve fazi s hyaluronovou kyselinou došlo k častečnemu štěpeni řetězce značene latky. Dalši metoda jodace s použitim jodogenu, je reakci heterogenni, kdy je oxidačni činidlo přitomno jako ve vodě nerozpustny odparek na stěnach reakčni nadobky. Tento způsob značeni byl proto k hyaluronove kyselině mnohem šetrnějši. Zastaveni reakce bylo provedeno nanesenim reakčni soustavy na kolonu se Sephadexem G - 50, kde došlo k odděleni označene sloučeniny od agresivniho reakčniho prostředi. Ukazalo se, že tento způsob přečištěni značeneho produktu neodstrani z roztoku zbytky radioaktivniho jodidu, proto bylo provedeno promyti značene hyaluronove kyseliny přes filtr se sraženinou chloridu střibrneho. Pro stanoveni radiochemicke čistoty a stability značeneho produktu byla...Study of radiolabelling of hyaluronic acid by oxidative iodination Diploma paper Eliška Dvořáčková 2009 Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry In the frame of this work the literature describing characteristics and possible applications of hyaluronic acid and methods of radiolabelling of compounds with a view to the radioiodination was read up. In experimental part of the task two methods of oxidative iodination of hyaluronic acid modified by tyramine with the lowest degree of modification ( HA - TM - 1 ) was examined. Chloramine method, used as first one, turned out ineligible as due to presence of oxidative agent in the phase with hyaluronic acid a partial degradation of the sequence occurred. Another method of iodination with the use of iodogen is heterogenous reaction, oxidative agent is present as an insoluble deposit on the walls of the reaction vial. This method of radiolabelling was more moderate to hyaluronic acid. The reaction was interrupted by applying the reaction system on the column with Sephadex G - 50 wherby the labelled compound was separated from the aggressive reactive environment. It turned out that this way of refinement of the labelled product does not eliminate the rests of the radioactive iodide....Department of Biophysics and Physical ChemistryKatedra biofyziky a fyzikální chemieFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view

1.Abstrakt práce v českém jazyce Název práce: Analýza lékových problémů na oddělení z pohledu farmaceuta Úvod: Chronické onemocnění ledvin (CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease) představuje významný medicínský i ekonomický problém. Postihuje v evropských zemích 10-13 % populace a s každou životní dekádou jeho výskyt roste. Nejčastější příčinou selhání ledvin jsou v katergorii nemocných nad 50 roků onemocnění spojená s diabetem 2. typu a hypertenzí. Chronické onemocnění ledvin je spojeno s rizikem mortality, hospitalizace a snížené kvality života. Klinický farmaceut (KF) jako specialista na farmakoterapii spolupracuje s dalšími zdravotníky na optimalizaci farmakoterapie. Pokud je KF součástí týmu, může aktivně předcházet vzniku lékových problémů (DRPs - Drug Related Problems) a tím zvyšovat bezpečnost terapie a kvalitu péče. Identifikace a minimalizace lékových problémů společně s optimalizací účinku farmakoterapie jsou hlavní cíle klinické farmacie, kde předpokladem pro odhalení a řešení lékových problémů jsou nejen znalosti z farmakologie ale i z ostatních lékařských oborů jako je biochemie, mikrobiologie, patofyziologie a epidemiologie. Doposud v podmínkách České Republiky nebyl komplexně prozkoumán přínos KF pro oddělení nefrologie. Cíl: Cílem předložené práce bylo poskytnout co nejvíce ucelený obraz o...práce v anglickém jazyce Title: Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a medical and economic problem. It affects 10-13 % of the population in European countries and incidence is increasing with every decade of life. The most common cause of kidney failure in patients over 50 years of age is associated with 2. type diabetes and hypertension. Chronic kidney disease is associated with risk of mortality, hospitalization and decreased quality of life. Clinical pharmacist as a specialist in a field of pharmacotherapy collaborates with other health professionals to optimize pharmacotherapy. Proactive approach with active prevention of drug related problems (DRPs) is preferre. Identification and minimization of drug problems together with optimization of pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of clinical pharmacy. Where the prerequisite for the detection and resolution of drug problems is not only knowledge of pharmacology but also other medical disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology. This work is one of the first publications of this type in the Czech Republic, which reveals a review of pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic kidney disease and the integration of a pharmacist...Department of Social and Clinical PharmacyKatedra sociální a klinické farmacieFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view

1.Abstrakt práce v českém jazyce Název práce: Analýza lékových problémů na oddělení z pohledu farmaceuta Úvod: Chronické onemocnění ledvin (CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease) představuje významný medicínský i ekonomický problém. Postihuje v evropských zemích 10-13 % populace a s každou životní dekádou jeho výskyt roste. Nejčastější příčinou selhání ledvin jsou v katergorii nemocných nad 50 roků onemocnění spojená s diabetem 2. typu a hypertenzí. Chronické onemocnění ledvin je spojeno s rizikem mortality, hospitalizace a snížené kvality života. Klinický farmaceut (KF) jako specialista na farmakoterapii spolupracuje s dalšími zdravotníky na optimalizaci farmakoterapie. Pokud je KF součástí týmu, může aktivně předcházet vzniku lékových problémů (DRPs - Drug Related Problems) a tím zvyšovat bezpečnost terapie a kvalitu péče. Identifikace a minimalizace lékových problémů společně s optimalizací účinku farmakoterapie jsou hlavní cíle klinické farmacie, kde předpokladem pro odhalení a řešení lékových problémů jsou nejen znalosti z farmakologie ale i z ostatních lékařských oborů jako je biochemie, mikrobiologie, patofyziologie a epidemiologie. Doposud v podmínkách České Republiky nebyl komplexně prozkoumán přínos KF pro oddělení nefrologie. Cíl: Cílem předložené práce bylo poskytnout co nejvíce ucelený obraz o...práce v anglickém jazyce Title: Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a medical and economic problem. It affects 10-13 % of the population in European countries and incidence is increasing with every decade of life. The most common cause of kidney failure in patients over 50 years of age is associated with 2. type diabetes and hypertension. Chronic kidney disease is associated with risk of mortality, hospitalization and decreased quality of life. Clinical pharmacist as a specialist in a field of pharmacotherapy collaborates with other health professionals to optimize pharmacotherapy. Proactive approach with active prevention of drug related problems (DRPs) is preferre. Identification and minimization of drug problems together with optimization of pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of clinical pharmacy. Where the prerequisite for the detection and resolution of drug problems is not only knowledge of pharmacology but also other medical disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology. This work is one of the first publications of this type in the Czech Republic, which reveals a review of pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic kidney disease and the integration of a pharmacist...Katedra sociální a klinické farmacieDepartment of Social and Clinical PharmacyFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci KrálovéFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králov

Study of radiolabelling of hyaluronic acid by oxidative iodination

Eliška Dvořáčková 2009 Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra biofyziky a fyzikální chemie V ramci teto prace byla prostudovana literatura, tykajici se vlastnosti a využiti kyseliny hyaluronove a metod radioaktivniho značeni sloučenin se zaměřenim na jodaci. V experimentalni časti prace byly vyzkoušeny dvě metody oxidativni jodace hyaluronove kyseliny modifikovane tyraminem s nejnižšim stupněm modifikace ( HA - Tm - 1 ). Prvni použita chloraminova metoda se ukazala jako nevhodna, diky přitomnosti oxidačniho činidla ve fazi s hyaluronovou kyselinou došlo k častečnemu štěpeni řetězce značene latky. Dalši metoda jodace s použitim jodogenu, je reakci heterogenni, kdy je oxidačni činidlo přitomno jako ve vodě nerozpustny odparek na stěnach reakčni nadobky. Tento způsob značeni byl proto k hyaluronove kyselině mnohem šetrnějši. Zastaveni reakce bylo provedeno nanesenim reakčni soustavy na kolonu se Sephadexem G - 50, kde došlo k odděleni označene sloučeniny od agresivniho reakčniho prostředi. Ukazalo se, že tento způsob přečištěni značeneho produktu neodstrani z roztoku zbytky radioaktivniho jodidu, proto bylo provedeno promyti značene hyaluronove kyseliny přes filtr se sraženinou chloridu střibrneho. Pro stanoveni radiochemicke čistoty a stability značeneho produktu byla...Study of radiolabelling of hyaluronic acid by oxidative iodination Diploma paper Eliška Dvořáčková 2009 Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry In the frame of this work the literature describing characteristics and possible applications of hyaluronic acid and methods of radiolabelling of compounds with a view to the radioiodination was read up. In experimental part of the task two methods of oxidative iodination of hyaluronic acid modified by tyramine with the lowest degree of modification ( HA - TM - 1 ) was examined. Chloramine method, used as first one, turned out ineligible as due to presence of oxidative agent in the phase with hyaluronic acid a partial degradation of the sequence occurred. Another method of iodination with the use of iodogen is heterogenous reaction, oxidative agent is present as an insoluble deposit on the walls of the reaction vial. This method of radiolabelling was more moderate to hyaluronic acid. The reaction was interrupted by applying the reaction system on the column with Sephadex G - 50 wherby the labelled compound was separated from the aggressive reactive environment. It turned out that this way of refinement of the labelled product does not eliminate the rests of the radioactive iodide....Department of Biophysics and Physical ChemistryKatedra biofyziky a fyzikální chemieFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

The influence of different formulations and process parameters during the preparation of drug-loaded PLGA microspheres evaluated by multivariate data analysis

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the formulation and process parameters on PLGA microparticles containing a practically insoluble model drug (ibuprofen) prepared by the o/w solvent evaporation method. Multivariate data analysis was used. The effects of altered stirring speed of a mechanical stirrer (600, 1000 rpm), emulsifier concentrations (PVA concentration 0.1 %, 1 %) and solvent selection (dichlormethane, ethyl acetate) on microparticles characteristics (encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, burst effect) were observed. It was found that with increased stirring speed, the PVA concentration or the use of ethyl acetate had a significantly negative effect on encapsulation efficiency. In addition, ethyl acetate had an adverse effect on the burst effect, while the increased stirring speed had the opposite effect. Drug load was not affected by any individual variable, but rather by the interactions of evaluated variables

Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view

práce v anglickém jazyce Title: Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a medical and economic problem. It affects 10-13 % of the population in European countries and incidence is increasing with every decade of life. The most common cause of kidney failure in patients over 50 years of age is associated with 2. type diabetes and hypertension. Chronic kidney disease is associated with risk of mortality, hospitalization and decreased quality of life. Clinical pharmacist as a specialist in a field of pharmacotherapy collaborates with other health professionals to optimize pharmacotherapy. Proactive approach with active prevention of drug related problems (DRPs) is preferre. Identification and minimization of drug problems together with optimization of pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of clinical pharmacy. Where the prerequisite for the detection and resolution of drug problems is not only knowledge of pharmacology but also other medical disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology. This work is one of the first publications of this type in the Czech Republic, which reveals a review of pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic kidney disease and the integration of a pharmacist..

Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view

práce v anglickém jazyce Title: Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a medical and economic problem. It affects 10-13 % of the population in European countries and incidence is increasing with every decade of life. The most common cause of kidney failure in patients over 50 years of age is associated with 2. type diabetes and hypertension. Chronic kidney disease is associated with risk of mortality, hospitalization and decreased quality of life. Clinical pharmacist as a specialist in a field of pharmacotherapy collaborates with other health professionals to optimize pharmacotherapy. Proactive approach with active prevention of drug related problems (DRPs) is preferre. Identification and minimization of drug problems together with optimization of pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of clinical pharmacy. Where the prerequisite for the detection and resolution of drug problems is not only knowledge of pharmacology but also other medical disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology. This work is one of the first publications of this type in the Czech Republic, which reveals a review of pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic kidney disease and the integration of a pharmacist..

History of First Aid focused on cardiopulmonary resuscitation

The thesis deals with an overview of the history of First Aid, focusing on the development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is a historical-comparative work of theoretical nature. The intention is to map the knowledge and experience that can be used effectively to develop and study the issue. When writing a thesis, an analysis of the available literature, both historical and contemporary, foreign and Czech, was used. Articles from professional periodicals and monographs were searched. The work was, for the sake of completeness, supplemented with period pictures and diagrams. The introduction justifies the choice of the topic and depicts the current state of knowledge in the field of First Aid. The next chapter explains the basic concepts which are important for orientation in the issue. Following a historical study First Aid aimed at developments providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The chapter is divided into subchapters describing the chronology of events to present recommendations for resuscitation and First Aid, so called CPR Guidelines 2015. The last chapter deals with the basic legal minimum. The outcome of this work is an extremely comprehensive overview of mapping the formation and development of First Aid from its history to current recommendations for resuscitation. This thesis..

Study of radiolabelling of hyaluronic acid by oxidative iodination

Study of radiolabelling of hyaluronic acid by oxidative iodination Diploma paper Eliška Dvořáčková 2009 Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry In the frame of this work the literature describing characteristics and possible applications of hyaluronic acid and methods of radiolabelling of compounds with a view to the radioiodination was read up. In experimental part of the task two methods of oxidative iodination of hyaluronic acid modified by tyramine with the lowest degree of modification ( HA - TM - 1 ) was examined. Chloramine method, used as first one, turned out ineligible as due to presence of oxidative agent in the phase with hyaluronic acid a partial degradation of the sequence occurred. Another method of iodination with the use of iodogen is heterogenous reaction, oxidative agent is present as an insoluble deposit on the walls of the reaction vial. This method of radiolabelling was more moderate to hyaluronic acid. The reaction was interrupted by applying the reaction system on the column with Sephadex G - 50 wherby the labelled compound was separated from the aggressive reactive environment. It turned out that this way of refinement of the labelled product does not eliminate the rests of the radioactive iodide...

Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view

práce v anglickém jazyce Title: Analysis of drug problems at hospital department from the pharmacist's point of view Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a medical and economic problem. It affects 10-13 % of the population in European countries and incidence is increasing with every decade of life. The most common cause of kidney failure in patients over 50 years of age is associated with 2. type diabetes and hypertension. Chronic kidney disease is associated with risk of mortality, hospitalization and decreased quality of life. Clinical pharmacist as a specialist in a field of pharmacotherapy collaborates with other health professionals to optimize pharmacotherapy. Proactive approach with active prevention of drug related problems (DRPs) is preferre. Identification and minimization of drug problems together with optimization of pharmacotherapy are the main objectives of clinical pharmacy. Where the prerequisite for the detection and resolution of drug problems is not only knowledge of pharmacology but also other medical disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology. This work is one of the first publications of this type in the Czech Republic, which reveals a review of pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic kidney disease and the integration of a pharmacist..