Derivation of the Reynolds type equation with memory effects, governing transient flow of lubric

In this paper we derive the Reynolds type lubrication equation with memory effects for lubrication of a rotating shaft. Starting from the nonstationary Stokes equations and using the asymptotic expansion we obtain a law that is nonlocal in time and gives a linear connection between velocity and pressure gradient. Our law tends to the classical Reynolds equation when time tends to infinity. We prove a convergence theorem for velocity and pressure in appropriate functional space

Kvaliteta otiska fleksografskog tiska

Kvaliteta reprodukcija nastale s fleksografskom tehnologijom dostigla je visoku razinu, te se danas sve više poistovjećuje s kvalitetom reprodukcija nastale bakrotiskom i ofsetnim tiskom. Fleksografska tehnika tiska, u usporedbi s ostalim tehnikama, izrazito je malo proučavana i analizirana. Upravo zbog toga ovo istraživanje biti će usmjereno na ispitivanje primanja tiskarskog bojila na tiskovnoj podlogu, te ispitivanje primanja tiskarskog bojila na prethodno nanošeno tiskarsko bojilo. Otiskivanje je provedeno na šest vrste polimernih materijala. Kvaliteta primanja tiskarskog bojila definirana je na temelju promjena kolorimetrijskih vrijednosti bojila te vrijednostima neravnomjerne pokrivenosti bojila na podlozi

Hepatomegalija i povišene aminotransferaze u bolesnice s loše reguliranom šećernom bolešću

Elevated liver function tests, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly occurring in a diabetic patient treated with high doses of insulin may point to the presence of pathologic glycogen accumulation in the liver parenchymal cells. The condition was first described in children, however, studies performed in adults have shown a condition that is similar in many aspects. A case is presented of a 41-year-old female diabetic patient with abnormal liver tests and hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed liver enlargement without any signs of fatty liver. Liver biopsy revealed a picture compatible with glycogenosis. As excessive hepatic glycogen deposition occurred at an adult age and without a related family history, while the patient presented with normal mental and motor development, the diagnoses of Mauriac syndrome and hereditary were ruled out. The condition was attributed to insulin hyperdosage. The patient was recommended improved glycemic control, more appropriate diet and physical exercise. On follow-up visit 3 months of discharge from the hospital, significant hepatomegaly regression was demonstrated by palpation and ultrasonography, and was accompanied by normalization of serum aminotransferases, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Elevated serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase with hepatomegaly as a consequence of hepatocellular glycogen accumulation can occur in diabetic patients of any age who are treated with high doses of insulin, and should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis.Pojava povišenih jetrenih enzima, bolova u desnom gornjem abdominalnom kvadrantu i hepatomegalije u bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću liječenih visokim dozama inzulina može ukazivati na patološko nakupljanje glikogena u stanicama jetrenog parenhima. Ovo je stanje prvotno opisano u djece, a kasnije studije provedene na odraslima pokazale su jednaku kliničku sliku. Prikazan je slučaj 41-godišnje žene oboljele od šećerne bolesti s poremećenim jetrenim nalazima i hepatomegalijom, kod koje je ultrazvuk potvrdio povećanje jetre bez znakova steatoze, a biopsijom je postavljena dijagnoza glikogenoze. S obzirom na to da je izrazito nakupljanje glikogena u ovom slučaju nastupilo u odrasloj dobi, bez pozitivne obiteljske anamneze, a bolesnica je imala uredan psihički i tjelesni razvoj, iz diferencijalne dijagnoze se je mogao isključiti Mauriacov sindrom i nasljedna glikogenoza. Uzrok ovoga stanja u ove bolesnice bilo je liječenje osnovne bolesti visokim dozama inzulina. Stoga joj je preporučena poboljšana kontrola glikemije praćena ispravnom dijetom i tjelesnom aktivnošću. Na kontrolnom pregledu nakon tri mjeseca došlo je do regresije hepatomegalije potvrđene palpacijom i ultrazvukom, te do normaliziranja serumskih aminotransferaza, glukoze u krvi i glikoziliranog hemoglobina. Povišene aminotransferaze i alkalna fosfataza uz hepatomegaliju mogu se naći kod bolesnika dijabetičara liječenih visokim dozama inzulina, kao posljedica nakupljanja glikogena u jetrenim stanicama, pa ovo stanje treba uključiti u diferencijalnu dijagnozu

Statin treatment is associated with insulin sensitivity decrease in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, observational 56-month follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Statins are effective in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in individuals with and without diabetes. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that statins might reduce insulin sensitivity and secretion in healthy population and in type 2 diabetes. ----- OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of statin therapy introduction on insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). ----- METHODS: This prospective observational 56-month long study included 832 randomly selected T1DM patients aged 25 to 61 years. Uncontrolled dyslipidemia and clinician-perceived need for treatment, rather than randomization, were basis for individuals being started on either atorvastatin or simvastatin (10-40 mg); N = 345, 41.47%. Patients on statin treatment were compared with those unexposed to statin. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using equation derived from euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies-estimated glucose disposal rate. ----- RESULTS: Patients who started statin therapy (N = 345, 59.42% atorvastatin and 40.58% simvastatin) experienced a greater decrease in insulin sensitivity (19.27% vs 12.82% P < .001) and metabolic control deterioration compared with statin-free group. The risk of decrease in insulin sensitivity attributable to statin use was 36.7% (hazard ratio 1.36; 95% confidence interval 1.31-1.43) after adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, smoking status, and the concomitant antihypertensive therapy. ----- CONCLUSION: Although there is still a lack of a clear molecular explanation on the adverse effects of statin therapy on insulin sensitivity, we showed that it deteriorates insulin sensitivity in T1DM. The cardiovascular benefits of statin treatment might outweigh the risk of developing insulin resistance, but, the possible metabolic control worsening merits to be considered