Trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila em plantas de berinjela sob lâminas de irrigação

RESUMOA berinjela tem grande importância nutricional e socioeconômica, sendo cultivada e comercializada em vários países, principalmente em ambiente protegido; sua produção, assim como a de inúmeros cultivos agrícolas, é dependente de fatores como água, nutrientes e luz; propôs-se, assim, com este trabalho, avaliar as trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a e temperatura foliar de berinjela cultivada em ambiente protegido em diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e oito repetições, totalizando 40 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco lâminas de irrigação: 33, 66, 100, 133 e 166% da ETc, as quais corresponderam a 133, 266, 403, 536, 669 mm planta-1 ciclo-1, respectivamente. A taxa fotossintética das plantas de berinjela aumenta com o acréscimo da reposição hídrica. Os valores mais expressivos de trocas gasosas (A, E, gs, Ci, EiUA e EiC) nas plantas de berinjela, de forma geral, foram observados quando se utilizaram, na irrigação, lâminas estimadas entre 123,52 e 166% da ETc. A fluorescência da clorofila aumentou com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação e a temperatura foliar diminuiu em função do aumento da água

Photosynthetic efficiency, gas exchange and yield of castor bean intercropped with peanut in semiarid Brazil

ABSTRACT To evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency, gas exchange and yield of castor bean intercropped with peanut under Brazilian semiarid conditions, a field experiment was set up with six treatments and four replicates arranged in a randomized block design. The experiment consisted of the cultivation of castor bean ‘BRS Energia’ in a monocrop system and intercropped with peanut ‘BR 1’. One treatment was formed by monocropped castor bean and the others by the castor bean intercropped with peanut with different intercrop establishment times, i.e. peanut sowing times (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after castor bean sowing). The castor bean photosynthetic and carboxylation efficiencies were higher in the intercrop system with a 25-day interval between sowings. Peanut sowing at 0 to 10 days after castor bean sowing in the intercropped system affected the photochemical efficiency of the latter, which resulted in its yield reduction. Larger intervals between sowing of peanut ‘BR-1’ and of the main crop increased castor bean yield in the intercrop system

Physiological, biochemical and productive changes in sesame genotypes subjected to different rates of water replenishment

ABSTRACT The sesame crop has stood out due to the high nutritional content of its seeds, in addition to being able to be cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions such as Northeast Brazil. Thus, it is necessary to identify the physiological, biochemical and productive changes related to the tolerance to stress. Objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and productive aspects of sesame genotypes as a function of different rates of water replenishment. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Cotton Experimental Unit, located in the municipality of Barbalha-CE, Brazil, under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with treatments in a factorial scheme (4 × 6), corresponding to four irrigation depths (40, 70, 100 and 130% ETo) and six sesame genotypes (G1 = T3-EGSGO3; G2 = T7-EGSGO7; G3 = T5-EGSGO5; G4 = T2-EGSGO2; G5 = T6-EGSGO6; G6 = T4-EGSG04), with three replicates. Data corresponding to the following variables were collected: leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content in leaf, electrolyte leakage, catalase, peroxidase, yield and oil content. The genotypes did not differ statistically and there were differences in the variables between the water replacement rates. Increments in growth and, consequently, in production, enzymatic activity, oil content and maximum production potential were observed with water depths between 75 and 90% ETo. Contents of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, were increased with the application of 80% ETo

Physiological, biochemical and productive changes in sesame genotypes subjected to different rates of water replenishment

<div><p>ABSTRACT The sesame crop has stood out due to the high nutritional content of its seeds, in addition to being able to be cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions such as Northeast Brazil. Thus, it is necessary to identify the physiological, biochemical and productive changes related to the tolerance to stress. Objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and productive aspects of sesame genotypes as a function of different rates of water replenishment. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Cotton Experimental Unit, located in the municipality of Barbalha-CE, Brazil, under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with treatments in a factorial scheme (4 × 6), corresponding to four irrigation depths (40, 70, 100 and 130% ETo) and six sesame genotypes (G1 = T3-EGSGO3; G2 = T7-EGSGO7; G3 = T5-EGSGO5; G4 = T2-EGSGO2; G5 = T6-EGSGO6; G6 = T4-EGSG04), with three replicates. Data corresponding to the following variables were collected: leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content in leaf, electrolyte leakage, catalase, peroxidase, yield and oil content. The genotypes did not differ statistically and there were differences in the variables between the water replacement rates. Increments in growth and, consequently, in production, enzymatic activity, oil content and maximum production potential were observed with water depths between 75 and 90% ETo. Contents of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, were increased with the application of 80% ETo.</p></div

Introgression of wild alleles into the tetraploid peanut crop to improve water use efficiency, earliness and yield.

The introduction of genes from wild species is a practice little adopted by breeders for the improvement of commercial crops, although it represents an excellent opportunity to enrich the genetic basis and create new cultivars. In peanut, this practice is being increasingly adopted. In this study we present results of introgression of wild alleles from the wild species Arachis duranensis and A. batizocoi improving photosynthetic traits and yield in a set of lines derived from the cross of an induced allotetraploid and cultivated peanut with selection under water stress. The assays were carried out in greenhouse and field focusing on physiological and agronomic traits. A multivariate model (UPGMA) was adopted in order to classify drought tolerant lines. Several lines showed improved levels of tolerance, with values similar to or greater than the tolerant control. Two BC1F6 lines (53 P4 and 96 P9) were highlighted for good drought-related traits, earliness and pod yield, having better phenotypic profile to the drought tolerant elite commercial cultivar BR1. These lines are good candidates for the creation of peanut cultivars suitable for production in semiarid environments

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of peanut line clustered in G2 group.

<p>Dashed line is the estimated mean of 64 lines. BR1 and 55–437 (Controls).</p

Introgression of wild alleles into the tetraploid peanut crop to improve water use efficiency, earliness and yield - Fig 6

<p>Climate data registered during assays in Lagoa Seca (A) and Campina Grande (B), PB, Brazil. S- sowing, B- blooming, BFP- beginning of pod formation, FPM- full pod maturation. Arrows mean periods of <i>Indian summer</i>.</p

Detail of BC₁F₆ advanced lines grown in field.

<p>A- Plant canopy, B- Pod production, C- seed pattern of 53 P4 (1), 96 P9 (2), and <i>A</i>. <i>hypogaea</i> BR1 (3).</p

Summary of combined- variance analyses of anthesis (A), number of pods/plant (NP/P), number of seeds/pod (NS/P) and yield of introgression lines grown in Lagoa Seca (LS) and Campina Grande (CG), Paraíba, Brazil, during rainy season.

<p>Summary of combined- variance analyses of anthesis (A), number of pods/plant (NP/P), number of seeds/pod (NS/P) and yield of introgression lines grown in Lagoa Seca (LS) and Campina Grande (CG), Paraíba, Brazil, during rainy season.</p