Overview of fast on-board integrated battery chargers for electric vehicles based on multiphase machines and power electronics

The study provides an extensive overview of on-board integrated chargers for electric vehicles that are based on multiphase (more than three phases) machines and power electronics. A common attribute of all discussed topologies is that they do not require a charger as a separate device since its role is transferred to the already existing drivetrain elements, predominantly a multiphase machine and an inverter. The study demonstrates how additional degrees of freedom that exist in multiphase systems can be conveniently utilised to achieve torque-free charging operation. Therefore, although three-phase (or multiphase) currents flow through machines' stator windings, they do not generate any torque; thus the machines do not have to be mechanically locked. Cost and weight saving is achieved in this way, while the available space is increased. For each topology operating principles are explained, and its control elaborated in detail for both charging and vehicle-to-grid mode. Finally, the validity of theoretical considerations and control algorithms of some of the existing charging solutions is experimentally verified and experimental performance of all discussed topologies is compared

Sensorless Control of BLDCs for All Speed Ranges with Minimal Components

Sensorless control strategies for brushless DC motors (BLDC) offer cost-effective and fault tolerant operation through replacing expensive position sensors with low-cost circuit components or taking advantage of on-board components. These drives mainly focus on two individual issues; first one is finding the initial rotor position at standstill, and the second one is driving BLDC at high speeds. Most of the studies focus on these two cases separately, proposing different circuit for each of them which adds to cost of the system. Therefore, it is desired to have control over all speed ranges including zero speed with same circuit elements if possible. This manuscript proposes a sensorless control method that combines initial position estimation by analyzing the stator core saturation and detection of zero crossings of back emf voltage by utilizing low pass filters with the same circuit topology. Results verify that a cost-effective drive can be achieved with proposed add-on resistor configuration and control method

Effect of Verapamil and Lidocaine on TRPM and NaV1.9 Gene Expressions in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion

Conclusion. Our study suggested that verapamil and lidocaine significantly reduce the degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury due to effects to TRPM and Nav1.9 genes