Simulations Between Programs as Cellular Automata

We present cellular automata on appropriate digraphs and show that any covered normal logic program is a cellular automaton. Seeing programs as cellular automata shifts attention from classes of Herbrand models to orbits of Herbrand interpretations. Orbits capture both the declarative, model-theoretic meaning of programs as well as their inferential behavior. Logically and intentionally different programs can produce orbits that simulate each other. Simple examples of such behavior are compellingly exhibited with space-time diagrams of the programs as cellular automata. Construing a program as a cellular automaton leads to a general method for simulating any covered program with a Horn clause program

Video-Based Activity Recognition for Automated Motor Assessment of Parkinson's Disease

Over the last decade, video-enabled mobile devices have become ubiquitous, while advances in markerless pose estimation allow an individual's body position to be tracked accurately and efficiently across the frames of a video. Previous work by this and other groups has shown that pose-extracted kinematic features can be used to reliably measure motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). This presents the prospect of developing an asynchronous and scalable, video-based assessment of motor dysfunction. Crucial to this endeavour is the ability to automatically recognise the class of an action being performed, without which manual labelling is required. Representing the evolution of body joint locations as a spatio-temporal graph, we implement a deep-learning model for video and frame-level classification of activities performed according to part 3 of the Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). We train and validate this system using a dataset of n = 7310 video clips, recorded at 5 independent sites. This approach reaches human-level performance in detecting and classifying periods of activity within monocular video clips. Our framework could support clinical workflows and patient care at scale through applications such as quality monitoring of clinical data collection, automated labelling of video streams, or a module within a remote self-assessment system

An Evaluation of KELVIN, an Artificial Intelligence Platform, as an Objective Assessment of the MDS UPDRS Part III

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease severity is typically measured using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS). While training for this scale exists, users may vary in how they score a patient with the consequence of intra-rater and inter-rater variability. OBJECTIVE: In this study we explored the consistency of an artificial intelligence platform compared with traditional clinical scoring in the assessment of motor severity in PD. METHODS: Twenty-two PD patients underwent simultaneous MDS-UPDRS scoring by two experienced MDS-UPDRS raters and the two sets of accompanying video footage were also scored by an artificial intelligence video analysis platform known as KELVIN. RESULTS: KELVIN was able to produce a summary score for 7 MDS-UPDRS part 3 items with good inter-rater reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) 0.80 in the OFF-medication state, ICC 0.73 in the ON-medication state). Clinician scores had exceptionally high levels of inter-rater reliability in both the OFF (0.99) and ON (0.94) medication conditions (possibly reflecting the highly experienced team). There was an ICC of 0.84 in the OFF-medication state and 0.31 in the ON-medication state between the mean Clinician and mean Kelvin scores for the equivalent 7 motor items, possibly due to dyskinesia impacting on the KELVIN scores. CONCLUSION: We conclude that KELVIN may prove useful in the capture and scoring of multiple items of MDS-UPDRS part 3 with levels of consistency not far short of that achieved by experienced MDS-UPDRS clinical raters, and is worthy of further investigation

Vs sustainable development: scenarios for the future

Issues of sustainable development began to concern mankind starting from the 20th century, when mass industrialization and the depletion of natural resource potential contributed to the formulation of environmental issues at one of the leading places in scientific discourse. However, what if the goals of sustainable development would not be achieved to 2030? What other way we can identify for humanity to survive? So, the study is about the problems of studying the understanding of the term “sustainable development”, considering the evolution of the formation of the concept of sustainable development and analyzing the modern goals of sustainable development for attainability. From an analysis of domestic and foreign experience, possible scenarios of the development of mankind are identified (such as 1. Creating an environmental framework, 2. Implementation of sustainable nature management practices in the conditions of natural and man-made objects, 3. Implementation of “geoengineering projects”, 4. Construction of autonomous ecosystems, 5. Space exploration in search of a new planet for life, provided that the goals of sustainable development would not be achieved. It has been established that today probability of achieving all the sustainable development goals by 2030 is too small, and the indicated scenarios require, firstly, the development of science and technology, and secondly, a competent assessment of the value of nature and solving the issue of specifying property rights for natural goods

A Case of Cardiac Cephalalgia Showing Reversible Coronary Vasospasm on Coronary Angiogram

Background Under certain conditions, exertional headaches may reflect coronary ischemia Case Report A 44-year-old woman developed intermittent exercise-induced headaches with chest tightness over a period of 10 months Cardiac catheterization followed by acetylcholine provocation demonstrated a right coronary artery spasm with chest tightness, headache, and ischemic effect of continuous electrocardiography changes The patient`s headache disappeared following ultra-arterial nitroglycerine injection Conclusions A coronary angiogram with provocation study revealed variant angina and cardiac cephalalgia, as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders (code 10 6) We report herein a patient with cardiac cephalalgia that manifested as reversible coronary vasospasm following an acetylcholine provocation test J Clin Neurol 2010;6:99-101*INT HEAD SOC HEAD, 2004, CEPHALALGIA S1, V24, P1, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1468-2982.2004.00653.XChen SP, 2004, EUR NEUROL, V51, P221, DOI 10.1159/000078489Martinez HR, 2002, HEADACHE, V42, P1029Lanza GA, 2000, LANCET, V356, P998Lance JW, 1998, HEADACHE, V38, P315Lipton RB, 1997, NEUROLOGY, V49, P813Grace A, 1997, CEPHALALGIA, V17, P195BOWEN J, 1993, HEADACHE, V33, P238MELLER ST, 1992, NEUROSCIENCE, V48, P501VERNAY D, 1989, HEADACHE, V29, P350LEFKOWITZ D, 1982, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V39, P130

Developing Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Guideline for Rating the Impairment in Mental and Behavioral Disorders; A Comparative Study of KNPA's New Guidelines and AMA's 6th Guides

Quantifying and rating the impairments due to mental and behavior disorders are difficult for their own characteristics. Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMS) is developing guidelines of rating impairment in mental and behavioral disorders based on Korean Neuropsychiatric Association (KNPA)'s new guidelines. We compared the new KNPA's guidelines and the American Medical Association (AMA)'s 6th Guides in assessing impairment due to mental and behavioral disorders to develop new guidelines of KAMS. Two guidelines are different in diagnosing system, applicable disorders, qualification of assessors, application of scales, contents of assessment and rate of impairment of the whole person. Both AMA's and the proposed guidelines have individual merits and characteristics. There is a limitation in using the 6th AMA's Guides in Korean situation. However to improve objectivity in Korean assessment of psychiatric impairment, the new AMA's Guides can serve as a good reference