Sensitivity of RT-PCR method in samples shown to be positive for Zika virus by RT-qPCR in vector competence studies

Abstract Tissue samples from mosquitoes artificially infected with Zika virus and shown to be positive by RT-qPCR were reexamined by RT-PCR. Using these samples we compared the two methods employed in virus RNA detection for vector competence studies. Results demonstrated that, albeit useful, RT-PCR gave false negatives with low viral loads (< 106 RNA copies/ml)

Molecular epidemiology of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-07T14:43:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 000007.pdf: 1680152 bytes, checksum: 709e25ec35951be347a85e578b3804c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a estrutura genética de populações naturais de Ae. albopictus coletadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife, no Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais e avaliar o seu papel como possível vetor na transmissão do Dengue. Para a análise de variabilidade genética foram utilizados dois genes do DNA mitocondrial: citocromo c oxidase II (COII) e nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo desidrogenase subunidade 4 (ND4). Nesta análise utilizando a técnica de SSCP foi identificado um total de oito haplótipos para o gene COII em 252 amostras analisadas e onze haplótipos para o gene ND4 em um total de 273 amostras. Os resultados sobre a análise da variância molecular (AMOVA) para ambos os genes sugeriram que essas populações estão sob forte influência da deriva genética, pois foi identificada uma alta diferenciação genética entre essas populações. Os resultados mostraram que as populações provenientes do município de Moreno foram as mais polimórficas para os dois genes, pois identificamos nestas populações a maioria dos haplótipos encontrados. O município de Moreno é circundado por uma área de mata onde podem existir populações de Ae. albopictus com uma alta variabilidade genética. As populações do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais foram consideradas idênticas, pois apresentaram os mesmos haplótipos para o gene ND4. A análise do DNA mitocondrial associado à técnica de SSCP, constitui uma ferramenta eficiente na caracterização da estrutura genética de populações naturais. Este marcador também poderá ser útil na epidemiologia molecular para traçar rotas de dispersão desta espécie e monitorar o impacto das intervenções dos programas de controle de uma maneira rápida e precisa. Com a finalidade de investigar o envolvimento deste culicídeo na transmissão do vírus dengue foram coletados espécimes de Ae. albopictus em áreas randômicas e em residências onde foram relatados casos com suspeita de Dengue. Estas amostras foram testadas por RT-PCR e isolamento viral em culturas de células C6/36. Dos 217 pools de Ae. aegypti e Ae. albopictus testados para a detecção do vírus Dengue na técnica de RTPCR, 10 pools foram positivos. Destes, 9 pools foram de Ae. aegypti e apenas um pool de Ae. albopictus proveniente do município de Moreno contendo 2 fêmeas coletadas na fase adult

Sensitivity of RT-PCR method in samples shown to be positive for Zika virus by RT-qPCR in vector competence studies.

Tissue samples from mosquitoes artificially infected with Zika virus and shown to be positive by RT-qPCR were reexamined by RT-PCR. Using these samples we compared the two methods employed in virus RNA detection for vector competence studies. Results demonstrated that, albeit useful, RT-PCR gave false negatives with low viral loads (&lt; 106 RNA copies/ml)

Sensitivity of RT-PCR method in samples shown to be positive for Zika virus by RT-qPCR in vector competence studies

Submitted by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-06-19T19:35:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 28534930 2017 pai-sen.oa.pdf: 584338 bytes, checksum: 8d6cf9195aca582f536010d665b450e4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adagilson Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-06-19T19:36:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 28534930 2017 pai-sen.oa.pdf: 584338 bytes, checksum: 8d6cf9195aca582f536010d665b450e4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T19:36:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 28534930 2017 pai-sen.oa.pdf: 584338 bytes, checksum: 8d6cf9195aca582f536010d665b450e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-22Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro Acadêmico do Agreste. Caruaru, PE, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro Acadêmico do Agreste. Caruaru, PE, Brazil.University of California-Davis. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology. Davis, CA, USA.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro Acadêmico do Agreste. Caruaru, PE, Brazil.Tissue samples from mosquitoes artificially infected with Zika virus and shown to be positive by RT-qPCR were reexamined by RT-PCR. Using these samples we compared the two methods employed in virus RNA detection for vector competence studies. Results demonstrated that, albeit useful, RT-PCR gave false negatives with low viral loads (< 106 RNA copies/ml)

Sensitivity of RT-PCR method in samples shown to be positive for Zika virus by RT-qPCR in vector competence studies.

Tissue samples from mosquitoes artificially infected with Zika virus and shown to be positive by RT-qPCR were reexamined by RT-PCR. Using these samples we compared the two methods employed in virus RNA detection for vector competence studies. Results demonstrated that, albeit useful, RT-PCR gave false negatives with low viral loads (&lt; 106 RNA copies/ml)

Detection of alleles associated with resistance to chemical insecticide in the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Santiago, Cabo Verde

Abstract Background Mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex are the main malaria vectors worldwide. Due to the lack of a vaccine to prevent malaria, the principal way to reduce the impact of this disease relies on the use of chemical insecticides to control its vectors. However, the intensive use of such compounds has led to the emergence of insecticide resistance in several Anopheles populations in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the presence of resistance alleles in an Anopheles arabiensis population from the City of Praia, capital of the Archipelago Cabo Verde, one of the countries on the World Health Organization list of countries that are on a path to eliminate local transmission of malaria. Methods Larvae from the Anopheles genus were collected using a one-pint dipper in three areas of City of Praia. Larvae were fed and maintained until the emergence of adult mosquitoes, and these were morphologically identified. In addition, molecular identification was performed using IGS markers and all An. arabiensis samples were subjected to PCR to screen for mutations associated to resistance in the Ace-1, Na v and GSTE2 genes. Results From a total of 440 mosquitoes collected, 52.3% were morphologically identified as An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and 46.7% as Anopheles pretoriensis. The molecular identification showed that 100% of the An. gambiae s.l. were An. arabiensis. The mutations G119S in the Ace-1 gene and L119F in the GSTE2 gene were screened but not found in any sample. However, sequencing analysis for GSTE2 revealed the presence of 37 haplotypes, 16 polymorphic sites and a high genetic diversity (π = 2.67). The L1014S mutation in the Na v (voltage-gated sodium channel gene) was detected at a frequency of 7.3%. Conclusion This is the first study to investigate the circulation of insecticide resistance alleles in An. arabiensis from Cabo Verde. The circulation of the L1014S allele in the population of An. arabiensis in the city of Praia suggests that pyrethroid resistance may arise, be quickly selected, and may affect the process of malaria elimination in Cabo Verde. Molecular monitoring of resistance should continue in order to guide the development of strategies to be used in vector control in the study region

Potential Nosocomial Infections by the Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Public Health Facilities in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Brazil

Since 2015, the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses gained notoriety for their impact in public health in many parts of the globe, including Brazil. In Recife, the capital of Pernambuco State, the introduction of ZIKV impacted human population tremendously, owing to the increase in the number of neurological cases, such as the Guillain−Barré and congenital Zika disorders. Later, Recife was considered to be the epicenter for ZIKV epidemics in Brazil. For arboviral diseases, there are some risk factors, such as climate changes, low socioeconomic conditions, and the high densities of vectors populations, that favor the broad and rapid dispersion of these three viruses in the city. Therefore, continuous arbovirus surveillance provides an important tool for detecting these arboviruses and predicting new outbreaks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV by RT-qPCR in mosquitoes collected in health care units from the metropolitan area of Recife (MAR), during 2018. A total of 2321 female mosquitoes (357 pools) belonging to two species, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, were collected from 18 different healthcare units, distributed in five cities from the MAR. Twenty-three pools were positive for ZIKV, out of which, seventeen were of C. quinquefasciatus and six were of A. aegypti. Positive pools were collected in 11/18 health care units screened, with Cq values ranging from 30.0 to 37.4 and viral loads varying from 1.88 × 107 to 2.14 × 109 RNA copies/mL. Nosocomial Aedes- and Culex-borne transmission of arbovirus are widely ignored by surveillance and vector control programs, even though healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are considered a serious threat to patient safety worldwide. Although the results presented here concern only the epidemiological scenario from 2018 in MAR, the potential of hospital-acquired transmission through mosquito bites is being overlooked by public health authorities. It is, therefore, of the ultimate importance to establish specific control programs for these locations

Zika virus detection, isolation and genome sequencing through Culicidae sampling during the epidemic in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has been isolated from many mosquito species in nature, but it is believed that the main vectors in urban environments are species of the genus Aedes. Here, we detected and isolated ZIKV in samples from Aedes aegypti, Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus, collected during the Zika epidemic in Vitória, southeast Brazil. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, ZIKV detection was performed in mosquito samples collected from February to April 2016. Results Overall, six pools of mosquitoes were positive for ZIKV: four of Cx. quinquefasciatus, one of Ae. aegypti and one of Ae. taeniorhynchus. Their genomes were sequenced. Conclusions These results support and strengthen the hypothesis that other mosquito species can also be involved in ZIKV transmission