The peptidoglycan crosslinking enzyme system in Streptomyces R61, K15 and rimosus. Immunological studies

The exocellular DD-carboxypeptidases from Streptomyces R61, K 15, the lysozyme-releasable DD-carboxypeptidases from Streptomyces R61, K15 and rimosus, and the membrane-bound DD-carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces K15 are immunologically related to each other

Acyltransferase activities of the high-molecular-mass essential penicillin-binding proteins

The high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins (HMM-PBPs), present in the cytoplasmic membranes of all eubacteria, are involved in important physiological events such as cell elongation, septation or shape determination. Up to now it has, however, been very difficult or impossible to study the catalytic properties of the HMM-PBPs in vitro. With simple substrates, we could demonstrate that several of these proteins could catalyse the hydrolysis of some thioesters or the transfer of their acyl moiety on the amino group of a suitable acceptor nucleophile. Many of the acyl-donor substrates were hippuric acid or benzoyl-D-alanine derivatives, and their spectroscopic properties enabled a direct monitoring of the enzymic reaction. In their presence, the binding of radioactive penicillin to the PBPs was also inhibited

Nettoyage et désinfection dans l'industrie phramaceutique

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Characterization of gas‐bearing sediments in coastal environment using geophysical and geotechnical data

Seismic investigation in marine gas-bearing sediments fails to get information below the acoustic mask created by free gas. To circumvent this problem, we combined collocated multichannel ultra-high resolution seismic imaging, marine electrical resistivity tomography (MERT) and core sampling to study the physical properties of gas-bearing sediments in the Bay of Concarneau (France). We obtained sections of compression (P-) wave velocitvalues where free gas was identified in seismic data. We tested a joint processing workflow combining the 1D inversion of the MERT data with the 2D P-wave velocity through a structural coupling between resistivity and velocity. We obtained a series of 2D resistivity models fitting the data whilst in agreement with. The resulting models showed the continuity of the geological units below the acoustic gas fronts which is associated with paleo-valley sediment infilling. We were able to demonstrate relationships between resistivity and velocity differing from superficial to deeper sediments. We established these relationships at the geophysical scale then compared the results to data from core sampliand porosity). We inferred the porosity distribution from the MERT data. At the core locations, we observed a good agreement between this geophysical scale porosity and the core data both within and outside the gas-bearing sediments. This agreement demonstrated that resistivity could be used as a proxy for porosity where no was available below gas caps. In these regions, the observed low resistivity showed a high porosity (60-70%) down to about 10–20 m in depth in contrast with the surrounding medium with porosity less than 55%. These results support the hypothesis that failures inside the paleo-valley sediment could control the gas migratio

Echographie endobronchique et ganglions TEP positifs dans le cancer broncho-pulmonaire.

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Endobronchial ultrasound and positron emission tomography positive mediastinal lymph nodes

Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG-PET) is more accurate than computed tomography for staging of mediastinal (hilar) lymph nodes. In the case of positive findings, tissue sampling of lymph nodes is required. The diagnostic/staging yield of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) following endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) localisation was assessed in this particular clinical setting. The number of avoided surgical procedures was evaluated. All consecutive patients referred for staging and/or diagnosis of mediastinal FDG-PET positive lesions were included. Data were prospectively collected. TBNA sampling of lymph nodes was performed after EBUS localisation. If no diagnosis was reached, further surgical sampling or adequate follow-up was performed. From January 2003 to June 2004, 33 patients were included. The average number of TBNA samples per patient was 4.2+/-1.5. Cytological or histological diagnoses were obtained in 27 (82%) of the patients, of which 78% were obtained after previous EBUS localisation. In 25 (76%) of the 33 patients, surgical staging procedures were suppressed. In conclusion, transbronchial needle aspiration after endobronchial ultrasound localisation should be considered as a primary method of evaluation of lymph nodes positive by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and may replace the majority of surgical mediastinal staging/diagnostic procedures.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Echographie endobronchique et ponction transbronchique: Une technique primaire d'évaluation des ganglions du médiastin

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effets d’une acclimatation embryonnaire au froid visant à améliorer les capacités d’adaptation du poulet de chair

It is possible to improve poultry adaptability to variations in ambient temperature by changing egg incubationconditions. Our goal is to improve broiler adaptation to cold environment and achieve a multi-level evaluation ofthe cold incubation technique in different subsequent starting conditions. In a first 21-day study in cages, weidentified the experimental conditions favouring robustness and hatchability without reducing performance. Theincubation conditions tested were a control incubation (IT at constant temperature), incubation with two briefexposures to 15°C at the end of incubation (IF1) or incubation with cyclic declines by 1°C from day 10 to 18 ofembryogenesis (IF2). Chickens were then exposed to standard rearing conditions control ET) or to day/nightvariations in room temperature (EFC cyclical cold rearing), or to continuously cooler ambient temperaturesrequiring adaptation (cold rearing EF). A 2nd experiment crossing incubations IT and IF1 and rearing conditionsET and EF was then conducted in floor pens until 40 days. In our conditions, the "cold" incubation techniquesdid not penalize hatchability of eggs. In cages, in females only, the IF2 incubation treatment degraded feedefficiency while IF1 did not alter growth. Our experiments suggest positive effects of cold incubation and coldrearing on performance in males but show negative interactions between both thermal treatments on a parameterof animal welfare and a meat quality defect. Postnatal cooler rearing could be interesting to limit environmentalimpact if litter moisture is well controlled through ventilation. This multicriterion analysis remains to becompleted to evaluate these perinatal techniques according to the three pillars of sustainability, includingeconomic, social and environmental impacts.Il est possible d’améliorer les capacités d’adaptation des volailles aux variations de température ambiante enmodifiant les conditions d’incubation des oeufs. Notre objectif est de rendre les poulets de chair plus adaptables à un environnement froid. Pour cela, nous avons testé les conséquences de différentes conditions d’incubation sur la croissance de poulets élevés au démarrage à différentes températures ambiantes (Exp. 1), puis nous avons sélectionné des conditions discriminantes pour réaliser une évaluation multicritère de la technique d’incubation au froid. Dans l’expérience 1 menée pendant 21 jours en cage, les conditions d’incubation testées sont une incubation témoin (IT, température constante), une incubation avec deux expositions brèves à 15°C en fin d’incubation (IF1) ou une incubation avec des diminutions cycliques de 1°C des jours 10 à 18 d’incubation (IF2). Les poulets sont ensuite exposés à des conditions d’élevage standard (témoin ET), soit à des températures ambiantes continûment plus fraîches nécessitant une adaptation (Elevage froid EF), soit à des variations jour/nuit de température ambiante (Elevage froid cyclique EFC). Les incubations IT et IF1 et les conditions d’élevage ET et EF sont été retenues pour l’exp.2 menée au sol jusqu’à 40 jours, entre autres car chez les femelles, le traitement d’incubation IF2 dégrade l’indice de consommation tandis que le traitement IF1 n’est pas défavorable pour la croissance. Nos expérimentations suggèrent des effets positifs de l’acclimatation embryonnaire au froid et de l’élevage au froid sur le poids à J40 mais elles mettent en évidence des interactions négatives sur l’occurrence des pododermatites et des stries blanches de la viande. Les conditions de froid postnatal pourraient être intéressantes pour limiter l’impact environnemental de l’élevage, mais nécessitent de contrôler l’humidité des litières et de ventilation du bâtiment. Cette étude multicritère doit maintenant être complétée pour réaliser l’évaluation de ces techniques d’élevage périnatales selon les 3 piliers de la durabilité, c’est-à-dire les piliers économique, social et environnemental

Short cold exposures during incubation and postnatal cold temperature affect performance, breast meat quality, and welfare parameters in broiler chickens

International audienceCold stimulations during egg incubation were reported to limit the occurrence of ascites in broilers subjected to cold temperature after 14 d of age. However, data are lacking on the impacts of such strategy in case of cold temperature conditions at start. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incubation and posthatch cold challenge on performance, breast muscle integrity, and meat processing quality in broiler chickens. Ross 308 eggs were incubated under control temperature (I0, 37.6°C) or subjected to 15°C during 30 min on day 18 and 19 of incubation (I1). Chicks from each group were reared in floor pens either at standard rearing temperature (T0), from 32°C at 0 d to 21°C at 21 d of age, or exposed to colder rearing temperature (T1), from 29°C at 0 to 21°C at 21 d of age. All birds were then kept at 21°C until slaughter (day 40), when body weights (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast muscle yield, meat processing quality, and the occurrences of meat defects, hock burns, and pododermatitis were recorded. No significant impact of incubation conditions on hatchability was observed. At day 40, BW was more under T1 than under T0 conditions, with T0 females (but not males) presenting more BW after I1 than after I0 conditions. In the whole period, T1 chickens presented lower FCR than T0 chickens and higher breast meat yields at day 40. The occurrence of white striping was more in I1T1 males than in all other groups, except for the I0T1 males. Hock burns were more frequent in I1T1 males than in all females and I0T0 males, whereas the occurrence of pododermatitis was lower in T0 males than in other groups. Despite some positive effects of I1 incubation on growth after starting under low ambient temperature, this study reveals the limits of such strategy concerning chicken health and welfare, demonstrating that early thermal environment is a major component of the quality and sustainability of chicken meat production