Effects Of N-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin E And Vitamin C On Liver Glutathione Levels Following Amiodarone Treatment In Rats

Introduction Amiodarone, a pharmaceutical extensively used to suppress atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, is also known to cause many side effects on many tissues. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), vitamin E and vitamin C are known as antioxidants for their ability to minimize oxidative stress. In the peer-reviewed literature, there is no study reporting on the protective effects of these antioxidant agents against its hepatotoxicity. Aim We investigated the oxidative effects of NAC, vitamins E and C on liver tissue after amiodarone treatment. Material and methods Rats were randomly assigned to: control; amiodarone group; amiodarone + NAC treated group; amiodarone + Vit. E group and amiodarone + Vit. C group. Liver tissues were isolated from animals and total glutathione levels were measured. Results In all time intervals, the level of glutathione increased. When all time intervals were compared, the amiodarone group revealed the lowest levels. The antioxidant co-administered group was studied; the glutathione levels were statistically significantly higher than the sole amiodarone group. When vitamins E, C or N-acetyl cysteine were examined, there was no statistically significant difference among them. Conclusions In this study we found that hepatotoxicity capacity of amiodarone may be reduced by taking up antioxidants. In addition, the effect documented here may be reproducible and may be applied to clinical settings.PubMedWoSScopu

The Cytotoxic Properties And Apoptotic Potential Of N-Butyl And 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylates Used In Surgical Treatment Of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Background This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic effects and apoptotic potential of N-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate used in surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Methods N-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate were cultured in cell-culture using human umbilical endothelial cell-line. Cytotoxicity and viability were assessed at 24 and 72 hours with lactate dehydrogenase and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, respectively. Apoptotic potential was documented at 24 and 72 hours with relative caspase-3 activity. Results The mean cytotoxicity at 24 and 72 hours were: N-butyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 37.0±3.9%/29.3±2.7% and 46.4±1.6%/45.1±7.1%, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 39.0±7.0%/37.3±4.6% and 47.0±2.3%/40.7±7.5%. Cytotoxicity increased by time in each group (p<0.05). The mean viability at 24 and 72 hours were: N-butyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 53.4±7.7%/72.0±5.7% and 35.7±1.9%/37.8±3.7%, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 54.3±4.4%/73.5±19.9% and 33.6±2.8%/30.7±4.5%. The mean viability decreased by time in each group (p<0.05). The mean relative caspase-3 activity at 24 and 72 hours were: control group: 0.084±0.006 and 0.065±0.002, N-butyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 0.940±0.037/0.924±0.053 and 0.999±0.072/1.056±0.015, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with an area of dot/line: 0.900±0.044/0.928±0.018 and 0.989±0.084/0.999±0.072. The mean relative caspase-3 activity was higher than control group in each group at each time interval (p<0.05) and activity increased by time in N-butyl cyanoacrylate line and in 2-octyl cyanoacrylate line groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that N-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate cause cytotoxicity in cell-culture media. We may also postulate that they induce apoptosis in cell-culture media.PubMedWo