Karayemişte siyanür içerikli amigdalin ve prunasin miktarlarının belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada karayemişlerde siyanür içerikliamigdalin ve prunasin içeriklerinin belirlenmesiamaçlanmıştır. Çalışma materyali olarak Ordu’dayetiştirilen karayemiş bitkisinin yaprak, meyve vetohumları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada her üç bitkiorganında amigdalin ve prunasin içerikleriincelenmiştir. Karayemiş yapraklarında vejetasyondönemi içerisinde 7 dönemde, meyve eti vetohumlarda ise iki dönemde amigdalin ve prunasinmiktarı ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda yaprakörneklerinde ortalama amigdalin miktarı 0.277 g/kg,prunasin miktarı 3.304 g/kg olarak ölçülmüş,ortalama HCN miktarı ise 0.315 g/kg olarakhesaplanmıştır. Meyve örneklerinde 0.700 g/kgamigdalin ve 0.110 g/kg prunasin; tohumörneklerinden ortalama 94.35 g/kg amigdalin ve0.68 g/kg prunasin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda, en fazla amigdalin miktarınınkarayemiş tohum örneklerinde bulunduğusaptanmış ve yüksek HCN değeri içerdiğihesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca sürgünlerde prunasin,tohumda ise amigdalin miktarının yüksek olduğusaptanmıştır. Amigdalin, kansızlık, astım, yüksektansiyon, damar sertliği, şeker hastalığı, migren vetümörlerin tedavisi amacıyla kullanılan ilaçların aktifbileşini olup, karayemiş tohumlarında yüksekmiktarda gözlenen amigdalin glikozitinin buamaçlarla alternatif bir kaynak olarakkullanılabileceği, bu konularda yapılacak olançalışmaların bilimsel ve endüstriyel olarak önemligelişmelere yol açabileceği düşünülmektedir.In this study, it was aimed to determine the content of cyanide-containing amygdalin and prunacin in cherry laurel. The leaves, fruits and seeds of the cherry laurel grown in Ordu were used as the study material. Amygdalin and prunasin contents were examined in all three organs. Amygdalin and prunacin levels were measured in 7 phase in the vegetation period and in two periods in fruit pulp and seeds. At the end of the study, the average amount of amygdalin in leaf samples was measured as 0.277 g / kg, prunacin amount was measured as 3.304 g / kg, and the average amount of HCN was calculated as 0.315 g / kg. It was determined that an average of 0.700 g / kg amygdalin and 0.110 g / kg prunacin in fruit samples, 94.35 g / kg amygdalin and 0.68 g / kg prunacin in the seed samples were found. As a result of the research, it was determined that the most amygdalin was found in the seed samples of the cherry laurel and it was calculated that it contained high HCN value. In addition, the amount of prunacin in the shoots was found to be high, while the amount of amygdalin in the seed was high. Amygdalin is the active ingredient of drugs used for the treatment of anemia, asthma, hypertension, vascular hypertension, diabetes, migraine and tumors, and it is thought that the high amount of amygdalin can be used as an alternative source for these purposes. And it is thought that studies on these subjects may lead to significant developments both scientifically and industriall

The role of potassium in alleviating boron toxicity and combined effects on nutrient contents in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

As regards the interaction between boron (B) and potassium (K), there is limited our knowledge, and the nature of this complex interaction is still clearly unknown. The present study was based on the hypothesis that K might alleviate the detrimental effects of excess B. For this purpose, the effects of three levels of K (0, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) and four levels of B (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg-1) on the growth and mineral nutrient contents of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated in greenhouse natural light conditions. Plant growth was dramatically restrained by excess B, while added K partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of excess B on plant growth. However, this effect was seen more in the shoots than in the roots. Along with increasing levels of B, additions of K decreased the B content of the pepper shoots. Added B increased the shoot contents of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and sodium (Na), while added K decreased the shoot contents of P, Mg, Ca, and Na. It was concluded that addition of K to the growing media can be beneficial in alleviating plant growth reduction and mineral imbalances caused by excess B. © 2015, National Centre for Agrarian Sciences. All Rights reserved

Mutual Effects of Boron and Zinc on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Growth and Mineral Nutrition

CIKILI, Yakup/0000-0002-0393-6248; Samet, Halil/0000-0003-2376-7944WOS: 000350446600009The mutual effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on growth, total chlorophyll (Chl), membrane permeability (MP), and nutrient content were investigated in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The soil was treated with five levels of B (0, 4, 8, 16, 32mgkg(-1)) and three levels of Zn (0, 10, 20mgkg(-1)). Plant growth was progressively depressed with increasing of B. However, Zn addition had an inhibitory effect on B toxicity and decreased growth reduction caused by excess B. In Zn-untreated plants, B and Zn contents were enhanced by increasing of B; moreover, both Zn and B addition enhanced Zn content. The Chl content decreased and MP increased, resulting from B toxicity; however, Zn addition partially ameliorated the adverse effects of B toxicity on Chl and MP. Increasing B enhanced phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), Zn, copper (Cu), and sodium (Na) contents in peanut shoots

Cadmium Toxicity and its Effects on Growth and Metal Nutrient Ion Accumulation in Solanaceae Plants

CIKILI, Yakup/0000-0002-0393-6248; Samet, Halil/0000-0003-2376-7944WOS: 000392936100012The effect of cadmium (Cd) toxicity was studied in four Solanaceae plants (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.; pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and goldenberry, Physalis peruviana L.) grown in greenhouse under natural light conditions. The soil was treated with five levels of Cd (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1)). Except for the tomato, the shoot and root dry biomass decreased with increasing Cd. Plant growth, bioaccumulation and translocation of Cd and accumulation of metal nutrient ions [potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)] were investigated. On the basis of the percent reductions in the shoot dry biomass, the tomato was determined to be Cd-tolerant, and the other plants Cd-sensitive. The shoot and root Cd contents, uptakes, and total accumulation rate (TAR) were increased with increasing rate of Cd applied, except for the shoot Cd content and root uptake of the goldenberry. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) of Cd diminished at all plants, with the exception of the TF for tomato. With respect to Cd translocation, plant species showed a ranking as follows: goldenberry<pepper<eggplant<tomato. The accumulation of all metal nutrient ions increased with Cd applications in the goldenberry shoots. While the accumulation of divalent metal nutrient ions, except for Zn and Cu, increased for the pepper and eggplant, the accumulation of K as monovalent metal nutrient ion decreased for only the pepper

Berry Fruits Grown in Duzce and Its Neighborhood: Their Medical Applications

WOS: 000418549100003Berry fruits possess many positive effects on human health because of their phytochemical contents like phenolic compounds, antioxidants and anthocyanins, and they have also an important place among the functional foods. From the varieties of Isabella grape and Bursa-2 blackberry cultivated in Duzce and its neighborhood, aging-retardant cream, vinegar (cyme) which aids in the weight loss and alleviates the stomach discomfort, and grape and blackberry juice are produced. Besides, other berry fruits are also used but only in the form of folk medicine. Thus, further studies about the berry fruits grown in the region may increase the potential medical usages of those plants

Changes in Metallic Cation Accumulation in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Affected by Boron and Potassium

Samet, Halil/0000-0003-2376-7944; CIKILI, Yakup/0000-0002-0393-6248WOS: 000407161000008The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of boron (B) and potassium (K) on metallic cation accumulation, membrane permeability (MP) and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Four levels of B (0, 5, 10 and 20mg kg(-1)) and two levels of K (0 and 200mg kg(-1)) were applied. B treatments, with or without K, enhanced the MP of leaves and the concentration of metallic cations except for manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration as well B concentration. B uptake increased linearly with increasing B treatments. Metallic cation uptakes decreased at the highest B level. Excess B decreased the shoot and root biomass with and without K supply; however, K partially improved the detrimental effect of toxic B on plant growth. It was concluded that supplying K to growth media can be beneficial for alleviating plant growth reduction and imbalances of metallic cations accumulation caused by excess B

Subjective Effects of Lemon Seed, Rose and Lavender Essential Oils onHumans: A Case Study from Two Different Age Groups

Plant volatile oils have been used for different purposes for years, especially in the scientific and commercial areas. Among the major areas of their uses were the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries, and the aroma/phyto therapeutic applications. The lemon seed, rose and lavender oils were the most commonly used oils and their effects on humans also differed individually. In this study, effects of these essential (volatile) oils on two age groups, 17-24 and 25-40 were thus investigated. The study was conducted on 80 people for one hour and the effects were evaluated using questionnaires. We used SPSS method for statics. In 17-25 age group, lavender oil caused drowsiness and weakness in 60% and 50% of respondents respectively, and also some mild giddiness, nausea, headache and dizziness. In 25-40 age group it caused giddiness and weakness in 40% respondents, and also gave mild vigor and tranquility. Lemon seed oil caused drowsiness in 85%, weakness and headache in 50%, and clear sensation in 55% of the respondents from 17-24 age group, while in 25-40 age group it caused clear sensation in 80% of respondents, and gave the mood of tranquility in 70% and happiness in 60%. However, rose oil demonstrated more intense effects on people, causing drowsiness and nausea in 55%, weakness and headache in 50%, and also giddiness, face flush and palpitation in 17-24 age-group-respondents. In 25-40 age group it caused drowsiness and nausea in 40% while it gave happiness and tranquility in 60% of respondents. Study results indicated that effects of different types of volatile oils on humans vary based on the age groups. So, the preference of essential oils in our daily lives is implied to have great importance. Therefore, further studies on the subject should be conducted to better emphasize the choice and use of these oils based on the age groups