4 research outputs found
Microestructural and ferroelectric analyses of Pbââââ/âLaâ(Zrâ.â âTiâ.ââ)âââ ᔧ/âNbᔧOâ soft ceramics.
Microstructural and ferroelectric analyses were carried out on Pbââââ/âLaâ(Zrâ.â
âTiâ.ââ)âââ
ᔧ/âNbᔧOâ ceramics, x = y = 0.004, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.01 mol%. Using Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) and piezoelectric Hysteresis Loop (HL), ferroelectric behavior, and ferroelectric domain sizes were determined. Grain size (as determinate by SEM) and ferroelectric domain area decrease with the increase of dopant concentration from 3 ÎŒm to 1 ÎŒm and from 0.56 ÎŒmÂČ to 0.32 ÎŒmÂČ, respectively. The maximum remnant polarization was obtained for Pbâ.âââ
Laâ.ââZrâ.â
âTiâ.ââ)â.ââââ
Nbâ.ââOâ, showing that samples polarize easier with higher LaÂłâș and Nbâ”âș dopant concentration. The coercive field does not show significant differences as the La and Nb content is varied. Grains tend to be single crystals as the LaÂłâș and Nbâ”âș dopant concentration is increased.AnĂĄlisis microestructural y ferroelĂ©ctrico de cerĂĄmicas suaves de Pbââââ/âLaâ(Zrâ.â
âTiâ.ââ)âââ
ᔧ/âNbᔧOâ
Se realizaron anĂĄlisis microestructurales y ferroelĂ©ctricos en cerĂĄmicas de Pbââââ/âLaâ(Zrâ.â
âTiâ.ââ)âââ
ᔧ/âNbᔧOâ, x = y = 0.004, 0.006, 0.008 y 0.01% en moles. Se utilizĂł microscopĂa de fuerza de respuesta piezoelĂ©ctrica (PFM) y lazo de histĂ©resis piezoelĂ©ctrica (HL), se determinĂł el comportamiento ferroelĂ©ctrico y el tamaño de dominio ferroelĂ©ctrico. El tamaño de grano (determinado por SEM) y el ĂĄrea del dominio ferroelĂ©ctrico disminuyen con el aumento de la concentraciĂłn del dopante de 3 ÎŒm a 1 ÎŒm y de 0,56 ÎŒmÂČ a 0,32 ÎŒmÂČ, respectivamente. La mĂĄxima polarizaciĂłn remanente se obtuvo para Pbâ.âââ
Laâ.ââZrâ.â
âTiâ.ââ)â.ââââ
Nbâ.ââOâ, lo que demuestra que las muestras se polarizan mĂĄs fĂĄcilmente con una mayor concentraciĂłn de dopante LaÂłâș y Nbâ”âș. El campo coercitivo no presenta diferencias significativas ya que el contenido de La y Nb es variado. Los granos tienden a ser monocristales a medida que aumenta la concentraciĂłn de los dopantes La3 + Nb5+
Determination of metal impurities in advanced lead zirconate titanate ceramics by axial view mode inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry quantification method for the determination of Al, Ca, Cr Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ni, Zn, Ba, K, In and Co in lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramics, modified with strontium and chromium, was developed. Total digestion of ceramics was achieved with a HNO 3, H 2O 2 and HF (ac) mixture by using a microwave furnace. The sensitivity of the net signal intensity respect to radiofrequency power (P) and nebulizer argon flow (F N) variations was strongly dependent of the total excitation energy of line (TEE). For lines with TEE near metastable atoms and ions of argon, an increment of the sensitivities to P and F N variation was observed. At robust plasma conditions the matrix effect was reduced for all matrices and analytes considered. The precision of analysis ranged from 3 to 13%, whereas the analytes recoveries in the spiked samples varied, mostly, from 90 to 110%. The detection limits of studied elements were from 0.004 to 10 mg kg -1. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe