The examination of protective effects of gallic acid against damage of oxidative stress during induced-experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion in experiment

Aim: In this study, probable effects of gallic acid were investigated in experimentally induced renal I/R injury in rats. Material and methods: For this purpose, each group consisted of 7 Sprague dawley male albino rats. Groups were defined as follows; Group I: control group; Group II: I/R group; Group III, IV and V: I/R+Gallic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg.kg(-1) respectively-i.p.). Left kidney was removed by nephrectomy except for Group I. I/R was induced in the other kidney. Gallic acid was given 15 mins before ischemia induction. SOD, CAT and Gpx activities were determined by electrophoresis. MDA, MPO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Histopathological investigations were also performed in kidney tissues. BUN and Creatinine levels in serum were determined. Results: BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels were statistically significant but MPO level was not statistically significantly increased in Group II. For SOD, CAT, Gpx activities in Group II, an increase was determined with respect to Group I. Histopathological investigations revealed widespread hyperemia in glomerulus, expansion of the structure between tubules and cell disruptions in Group II. In Group V (200 mg.kg-1 gallic acid), in terms of biochemical parameters, in spite of the significant decrease in BUN, Creatinine and MDA levels; a decrease was determined in SOD, CAT and Gpx isoenzyme activities. Group V showed histologically that I/R injury had been prevented to a greater extent and appearances were close to the control. Conclusion: As a result, in terms of our study, evaluations regarding kidney functions and histopathology have shown that gallic acid has protective effects in renal I/R injury (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk

Judicial Self-Government as Experimental Constitutional Politics: The Case of Turkey

This article traces the evolution of judicial self-government practices (JSG) in Turkey and argues that the frequent changes in JSG are part of a broader trajectory of experimental constitutional politics. The Council for Judges and Prosecutors has experienced sharp turns since its establishment in 1961, respectively in 1971, 1982, 2010, 2014 and 2017.During this period, Turkey experienced different forms of judicial councils ranging from co-option, hierarchical and executive controlled judicial council models to a more pluralistic model. The Justice Academy of Turkey has also not been immune from this experimentalism. The article discusses the endogenous relationship between these often short-lived experiments of JSG and their impacts on the independence, accountability, and legitimacy of the judiciary and public confidence in the judiciary. The article then turns to the repercussions of JSG on separation of powers and democratic principle. It focuses on the implications of the ambiguous position of the Council in the state structure for the separation of powers, and the revived debate on democratic legitimacy of JSG after the 2017 constitutional amendments

Oral health and temporomandibular joint involvement of patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Amaç:Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul'daki büyük bir eğitim-araştırma hastanesine gelen ve JIA teşhisi konmuş çocuk hastaların ağız ve diş sağlığı durumlarını ve TME tutulumlarını değerlendirmek ve yaş ile cinsiyet eşleşmesi yapılmış sağlıklı çocuklar ile karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem:Araştırmada, JIA teşhisi konmuş 35 çocuk hasta ile yaş ve cinsiyet eşleşmesi yapılmış 35 sağlıklı çocukdahil edilmiştir. Yapılan muayenede demografik verilerin yanında çürük indeksi (DMFT ve dmft), TME bulguları (disfonksiyon, ağrı, ses, kısıtlı hareket), yüz karakteristikleri (mikrognati, retrognati, anterior open-bite) ve ilaç tedavileri kaydedilmiştir.Oral hijyen, 3 standart epidemiyolojik indeks (gingival index, plak indeksi ve oral temizlik indeksi) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular:Çalışma yaşları 6 ile 16 arasında değişmekte olan, 28’i (%40) erkek ve 42’si (%60) kız olmak üzere toplam 70 çocuk üzerinde yapılmıştır. Çocukların yaş ortalaması10,28±3,49 yıldır. JIA grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında çürük açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamaktadır. JIA grubunda kontrol grubuna göre yüksek oranda ağrı, ses ve kısıtlı hareket gözlenmiş, ancak aralarındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. JIA grubunun gingival indeks düzeyi, kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç:Bu sonuçlar, JIA’ nın multidisipliner yönetiminde düzenli ağız-diş sağlığı hizmetinin rolünü vurgulamaktadır.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health conditions and TMJ involvement of the children diagnosed with JIA attending an education and research hospital in Istanbul and to compare them with age and gender matched healthy controls. Materials and Methods:The study included 35 children diagnosed with JIA and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In addition to demographic data, dental caries index (DMFT and DMFT), TMJ abnormalities (dysfunction, pain, voice, restricted movement), facial characteristics (micrognathia, retrognathia, anterior open bite) and used drug were recorded. Oral hygiene was assessed with 3 standard epidemiological indices (gingival index, plaque index and oral hygiene index). Results:The study was conducted on 70 children, aged between 6 to 16, 28 (%40) male and 42 (%60) female. The mean age of the children was 10.28 ± 3.49 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the JIA group and the control group in terms of caries. According to the control group, JIA group showed higher rates of pain, voice and restricted movement, but the differences between the groups were not found statistically significant. The gingival index level of the JIA group was found statistically significant ly higher than the control group. Conclusion:These results emphasize the role of regular oral and dental health care in the multidisciplinary management of JIA

Assessment of dental fear in children with molar-incisor hypomineralization

© 2022 Polish Dental AssociationIntroduction: Dental fear is a common unpleasant emotional response that occurs in situations related to dental treatment. Since children affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) receive much more dental treatment than their healthy peers, these children may have more dental fear and behavioral problems. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the relation between the presence and severity of MIH and dental fear. Material and methods: Study group involved a sample of 127 children, aged between 8 and 12 years with MIH, showing a high-risk of caries, and 99 children were included into control group. In the wake of intra-oral examination according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guideline and DMFT/dmft indices, Children’s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) was applied to each child. Mean value of independent groups for normally distributed data was compared using independent samples t-test. Spearman’s correlation was applied for correlations between DMFT/dmft scores and CFSS-DS scores. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The final number of individuals affected by MIH in this study was 127 with approximately equal numbers for each age group. The mean CFSS-DS scores were 31.41 ± 10.73 for the MIH-group, and 31.60 ± 6.21 for the controls, respectively. The mean values did not differ significantly between children with and without MIH (p = 0.870). There were also no statistically significant differences in severe MIH (31.38 ± 10.93) compared with the control group (31.60 ± 6.21) (p = 0.890). Conclusions: The study’s findings revealed that there is no relation between the existence and severity of MIH and dental fear

Two-Year Survival of High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer in Children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Objective: We assessed the clinical survival of a high-viscosity glass ionomer (HVGI) at the 2-year follow-up to restore molar incisors severely affected by hypomineralization after selective carious tissue removal (SCR). The null hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in the overall survival times in the categories of the variables of interest. Methods: A total of 134 fully erupted first molar incisors with hypomineralization, cavitated and with moderate-to-deep carious lesions without hypersensitivity or pain (MIH treatment need index 2a-c), were included in the study. HVGI (Equia Forte (R); GC, Tokyo, Japan) restorations were applied after SCR to soft carious dentin. The follow-up lasted 2 years. The end point was defined as the absence of endodontic and restorative complications. Two-year, and 18-, 12-, and 6-month survival probabilities and standard errors were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival probabilities according to patient gender, jaw, and lesion severity groups were compared using the log-rank test. Restorations were evaluated using the modified US Public Health Service criteria. Results: HVGI restorations showed cumulative survival probabilities of 95.5% at 6 months, 94% at 12 months, 87.5% at 18 months, and 87.5% at 24 months. Survival probabilities according to patient gender, jaw, and lesion severity groups were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion: Following SCR, HVGI restoration provided moderate survival probabilities, suggesting that the SCR technique is effective

Efficacy of MTAD Solution and Er:YAG Laser in Smear Layer Removal from Extracted Root Canals: A SEM Evaluation

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent), Er:YAG laser, 17% EDTA, and 5.25% NaOCl in removing the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals. Methods: Various organic acids, instruments and lasers have been used to remove the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals. Twenty-eight extracted maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors were prepared with rotary files. The teeth were randomly allocated to four treatment groups for final irrigation as follows: (1) 17% EDTA (followed by NaOCl), (2) 5.25% NaOCl, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) MTAD. All teeth were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the removal of the smear layer was examined in the apical, middle and coronal thirds. Results: At coronal location, NaOCl(2.2 +/- 0.4) group had significantly higher scores than MTAD(0.0 +/- 0.0), EDTA(0.6 +/- 0.4) and Er:YAG laser(0.6 +/- 0.4) groups (p<0.001, p=0.039, and p=0.039, respectively). At the middle third, NaOCl(2.6 +/- 0.5) scores were significantly higher than MTAD(0.0 +/- 0.0) and EDTA(0.8 +/- 0.4) groups (p<0.001 and p=0.036 respectively). At apical MTAD (0.4 +/- 0.3) group had significantly better scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this suggest that MTAD is an effective final irrigator agent, particularly in the apical segment of the root canal, which presents challenges during cleaning

Prospective associations between parenting practices, temperament, and sibling conflict during COVID-19

Parenting styles and practices impact sibling relationship quality and sibling conflict. For instance, authoritative parenting style, parenting practices (such as warmth and rejection), and parental differential treatment were related to sibling closeness and relationship (Kowal & Kramer, 2006; Milevsky et al., 2011). During COVID-19, children and parents spent more time at home due to lockdowns. Therefore, the influence of parenting skills might be more salient. Due to COVID-19 disruption, exposure to parents' differential treatment increased, sibling relationships may be at risk (Prime et al., 2020), and sibling differences can occur (Browne et al., 2021). The current study aimed to examine the role of parenting practices (maternal warmth, rejection, and differential treatment) and children's temperament on sibling conflict during COVID-19. This study is a part of the leading project which aims to understand the role of parenting on the development of children. In January 2020, data collection for the main project started. However, in March 2020, the data collection had to be stopped due to COVID - 19. Between January and March in 2020, data were collected from 350 children and their mothers. After nine months, the same participants were followed during the pandemic. For the analysis, the data were filtered based whether they have siblings (n= 277) and lived with their siblings (n = 223). The mean age of children was 11.74 (SD = 2.60), and 141 were female, while 84 were male. Children's temperament was measured with parent reported forms: TMCQ, EATQ, and HSC Scales at wave one. Parenting practices were measured by the Perceptions of Differential Parental Treatment Scale and Parental AcceptanceRejection Questionnaire (PARQ). Children filled these forms at both times. Finally, The Sibling Conflict Scale was filled by children only at wave two. The pandemic influence was measured through contact with others, difficulties with online education (filled by children), and the COVID-19 experiences of mothers. Hierarchical regression analysis was run. demographic variables related to both children and their siblings were included in step one, while temperament variables (Overreaction to Stimuli (OS), Depth of Processing (DP), and Negative Affectivity education positively predicted sibling conflict (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Related to parental practices, differential practices in negative domains at time one positively predicted conflict (β = 0.78, p < 0.01), showing that children perceiving higher differential treatment in negative domains compared to their siblings experienced more sibling conflict. Finally, increase in maternal rejection from time one to time two positively predicted sibling conflict (β = 0.56, p < 0.01) (see Table 1). In conclusion, it could be speculated that the COVID-19 lockdown influences the whole family members and the relationships in terms of practices and experiences.No sponso