An Exploratory Quantitative Analysis of Chlamydia Rates and Female Access to Contraceptive Services in the United States, 2015

Purpose: Chlamydia rates have steadily increased over the past two decades in the United States. Access to contraceptives is essential for preventing transmission. This project examined the relationship between female access to contraceptive services at publicly-funded health clinics and chlamydia rates the county level in 2015. This project also examined associations between chlamydia rates and contraceptive access across rural and urban counties and by U.S. region. Methods: Data on chlamydia rates, publicly-funded clinics, and contraceptive clients in 2015 were obtained from open-access databases and published reports by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Guttmacher Institute. Simple linear regression models were used to examine associations between the number of women that obtained contraceptive services at publicly-funded clinics within the 15-44 year-old female population and chlamydia rates. Results: Regression results indicated a positive association between female contraceptive client rates and chlamydia rates in the U.S. (

Consistent Inconsistency: BASF v. SNF & the Licensing Exception to 35 U.S.C. § 102 (B)\u27s On-Sale Bar

In BASF Corp. v. SNF Holding Co., the Federal Circuit applied what is commonly referred to as a “licensing exception” to statutory prior art status. While the court describes the exception as a “well-established principle,” the licensing exception is less than twenty years old, formulated over the opposition of the USPTO, and has been disputed on several instances by Federal Circuit judges. Moreover, the existence of a licensing exception is a clear contradiction of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Pfaff v. Wells Electronics that a sale of an invention occurs when an intangible conception of that invention is first marketed commercially. This Note provides a case study of licensing practices in the chemical industry and argues that offering to sell licenses is a typical way in which intangibles such as process inventions are commercially marketed and put “on sale.” This Note further provides a history of legal thought on the licensing exception and submits the argument that the Federal Circuit’s rulings in In re Kollar and BASF arbitrarily discriminate between classes of invention and may contribute to greater levels of premature commercial exploitation. Finally, this Note concludes with the benefits of eliminating the licensing exception as it currently exists

Creep of ice: Further studies

Detailed studies have been done of ice creep as related to the icy satellites, Ganymede and Callisto. Included were: (1) the flow of high-pressure water ices II, III, and V, and (2) frictional sliding of ice I sub h. Work was also begun on the study of the effects of impurities on the flow of ice. Test results are summarized

Using Supervision to Prepare Social Justice Counseling Advocates

Over the past several years, there has been an increased focus on integrating not only multiculturalism in the counseling profession, but also advocacy and social justice. Although the professional literature addresses the importance of cultural competence in supervision, there is a paucity of information about social justice advocacy in relation to the process of counseling supervision. In this article, the authors share a rationale for Integrating a social justice advocacy orientation in supervision, discuss the connection between diversity and social justice advocacy counseling competence, address challenges faced by supervisors, and suggest specific strategies for use in supervision to prepare counselors to be social justice counseling advocates

Undergraduate Teaching Assistants and their Use of Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors in the Basic Communication Course

Over the past two decades, perhaps no instructional communication topic has been researched as thoroughly as teacher immediacy. However, one important area of the existing teacher immediacy literature that remains underdeveloped is how undergraduate teaching assistants enact immediacy behaviors, and how, if at all, students respond to these teaching assistants differently based on the enactment of these behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to gain a clearer understanding as to what, if any, immediacy behaviors are used by undergraduate teaching assistants in the basic communication course at a large Midwestern university. The researchers conducted 50 hours of observation in an attempt to determine the different types of immediacy behaviors being displayed by undergraduate teaching assistants in the instructional context as well as examine the effects those behaviors have on students. The results of this analysis are discussed