Indigenous property rights in commercial fisheries: Canada, New Zealand and Australia compared

This paper demonstrates, through a detailed comparison with Canada and New Zealand, that the Australian government’s approach to Indigenous customary and commercial fishing rights stands outside developments in other Commonwealth countries. It focuses on commercial fishing in particular as an opportunity for Indigenous people to more fully realise their economic rights. The socioeconomic outcomes from Indigenous commercial fishing in Canada and New Zealand identified in this paper highlight the need for Australia to rethink its policies to ensure that the same rights and benefits accrue to Indigenous Australians

Le pattern de la bourse caudale chez les Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina): Caractérisation et hypothèse sur son évolution

The different patterns of the caudal bursa of the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda) are redefined, taking into account the grouping of rays 2-6 and the sequence of origin of these rays from their common trunk. The type of symmetry of the caudal bursa is also redefined. The following patterns were observed and characterized: the basic patterns: types 2-3, 2-2-1, 1-3-1 and 1-4 and the intermediary patterns: type 2-3 tending to type 2-2-1, type 2-2-1 tending to type 1-3-1, type 1-3-1 tending to type 1-4 and type 2-2-1 tending to type 1-4. An evolutionary interpretation of the patterns is attempted and seems to follow the direction: 2-3 to 2-2-1 to 1-3-1 to 1-4. Seven atypical patterns are described. The caudal bursae were classified based on their symmetry: subsymmetrical, dissymmetrical and asymmetrical. Independently of the type of symmetry, the two latero-ventral lobes may have the same or different patterns. The type of symmetry, the ratio between the two latero-ventral lobes and a characteristic pattern were utilized to characterize the caudal bursae at the level of the genus and the subfamily. The combination of the right/left ratio and the type of symmetry gives heterogeneous results, with no real association between these characters. The most conspicuous asymmetries and dissymmetries were found among the Nippostrongylinae. The most frequent pattern in the Heligmonellidae is the basic type 2-2-1; types 1-3-1 and 1-4 are less frequent but are characteristic of several genera; type 1-4 is absent from the Heligmonellinae. Whatever the pattern, in the Heligmonellidae rays 4 and 5 are the last to diverge from the common trunk of rays 2-6.Les différents patterns de la bourse caudale chez les Heligmonellidae (Nematoda) sont redéfinis en tenant compte du groupement des côtes 2-6 et de la séquence d’apparition de ces côtes sur leur tronc commun. Le type de symétrie est également redéfini. Les patterns suivants sont observés et caractérisés : les patterns de base : type 2-3, 2-2-1, 1-3-1 et 1-4 et les patterns intermédiaires : type 2-3 à tendance 2-2-1, 2-2-1 à tendance 1-3-1, 1-3-1 à tendance 1-4 et 2-2-1 à tendance 1-4. Une interprétation évolutive des patterns est proposée et semble suivre la direction : 2-3 vers 2-2-1 vers 1-3-1 vers 1-4. Sept patterns atypiques sont décrits. Les bourses caudales sont classifiées selon leur symétrie en : subsymétrique, dissymétrique et asymétrique. Indépendamment du type de symétrie, les deux lobes latéro-ventraux peuvent avoir un pattern identique ou différent. Le type de symétrie, le rapport évolutif entre les deux lobes latéro-ventraux et un type de pattern caractéristique ont été utilisés pour caractériser les bourses caudales au niveau du genre et de la sous-famille. La combinaison du rapport droite/gauche et le type de symétrie donnent des résultats hétérogènes sans véritable lien entre ces caractères. Les asymétries et les dissymétries les plus manifestes sont trouvées parmi les Nippostrongylinae. Le pattern le plus fréquemment rencontré chez les Heligmonellidae est le type de base 2-2-1 ; les types 1-3-1 et 1-4 sont moins fréquents mais caractéristiques de plusieurs genres ; le type 1-4 est absent chez les Heligmonellinae. Chez les Heligmonellidae, quel que soit le pattern, les côtes 4 et 5 sont les dernières à diverger du tronc commun aux côtes 2-6.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Le pattern de la bourse caudale chez les Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina): Caractérisation et hypothèse sur son évolution

The different patterns of the caudal bursa of the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda) are redefined, taking into account the grouping of rays 2-6 and the sequence of origin of these rays from their common trunk. The type of symmetry of the caudal bursa is also redefined. The following patterns were observed and characterized: the basic patterns: types 2-3, 2-2-1, 1-3-1 and 1-4 and the intermediary patterns: type 2-3 tending to type 2-2-1, type 2-2-1 tending to type 1-3-1, type 1-3-1 tending to type 1-4 and type 2-2-1 tending to type 1-4. An evolutionary interpretation of the patterns is attempted and seems to follow the direction: 2-3 to 2-2-1 to 1-3-1 to 1-4. Seven atypical patterns are described. The caudal bursae were classified based on their symmetry: subsymmetrical, dissymmetrical and asymmetrical. Independently of the type of symmetry, the two latero-ventral lobes may have the same or different patterns. The type of symmetry, the ratio between the two latero-ventral lobes and a characteristic pattern were utilized to characterize the caudal bursae at the level of the genus and the subfamily. The combination of the right/left ratio and the type of symmetry gives heterogeneous results, with no real association between these characters. The most conspicuous asymmetries and dissymmetries were found among the Nippostrongylinae. The most frequent pattern in the Heligmonellidae is the basic type 2-2-1; types 1-3-1 and 1-4 are less frequent but are characteristic of several genera; type 1-4 is absent from the Heligmonellinae. Whatever the pattern, in the Heligmonellidae rays 4 and 5 are the last to diverge from the common trunk of rays 2-6.Les différents patterns de la bourse caudale chez les Heligmonellidae (Nematoda) sont redéfinis en tenant compte du groupement des côtes 2-6 et de la séquence d’apparition de ces côtes sur leur tronc commun. Le type de symétrie est également redéfini. Les patterns suivants sont observés et caractérisés : les patterns de base : type 2-3, 2-2-1, 1-3-1 et 1-4 et les patterns intermédiaires : type 2-3 à tendance 2-2-1, 2-2-1 à tendance 1-3-1, 1-3-1 à tendance 1-4 et 2-2-1 à tendance 1-4. Une interprétation évolutive des patterns est proposée et semble suivre la direction : 2-3 vers 2-2-1 vers 1-3-1 vers 1-4. Sept patterns atypiques sont décrits. Les bourses caudales sont classifiées selon leur symétrie en : subsymétrique, dissymétrique et asymétrique. Indépendamment du type de symétrie, les deux lobes latéro-ventraux peuvent avoir un pattern identique ou différent. Le type de symétrie, le rapport évolutif entre les deux lobes latéro-ventraux et un type de pattern caractéristique ont été utilisés pour caractériser les bourses caudales au niveau du genre et de la sous-famille. La combinaison du rapport droite/gauche et le type de symétrie donnent des résultats hétérogènes sans véritable lien entre ces caractères. Les asymétries et les dissymétries les plus manifestes sont trouvées parmi les Nippostrongylinae. Le pattern le plus fréquemment rencontré chez les Heligmonellidae est le type de base 2-2-1 ; les types 1-3-1 et 1-4 sont moins fréquents mais caractéristiques de plusieurs genres ; le type 1-4 est absent chez les Heligmonellinae. Chez les Heligmonellidae, quel que soit le pattern, les côtes 4 et 5 sont les dernières à diverger du tronc commun aux côtes 2-6.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The systematic position of some ethiopian nippostrongylinae (nematoda, trichostrongylina, heligmosomoidea) from the National Collection of Animal Helminths, Onderstepoort, South Africa

The taxonomic status of some nippostrongyline nematodes deposited in the National Collection of Animal Helminths, Onderstepoort, is revised. Heligmonina boomkeri n. sp. is described from Aethomys chrysophilus from South Africa. The most closely related species by the body measurements and the pattern of the caudal bursa is Heligmonina bignonensis Diouf, Bâ & Durette-Desset, 1997, a parasite of Mastomys erythroleucus from Senegal. It differs from the new species mainly in the number of ventral cuticular ridges at mid-body (four versus five) and the left ala in the male is shorter than the body diameter. The systematic position of Heligmonina spira (Ortlepp, 1939) and Neoheligmonella capensis (Ortlepp, 1939) is confirmed here through their synlophe, which was not previously studied.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Description of a new species of Heligmonina Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) a parasite of Mastomys Natalensis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Swaziland and new data on the synlophe of Heligmonina Chabaudi (Desset, 1966)

A new species of heligmosomoid nematode belonging to the subfamily Nippostrongylinae Durette-Desset, 1970 is described: Heligmonina wakelini n. sp., a parasite from the small intestine of the commensal rodent Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) from Swaziland. It differs from the most closely related species H. boomkeri Durette-Desset & Digiani, 2005 by the number of the cuticular ridges in the female synlophe (10 vs 12), the width of the left ala, larger than the body diameter in the male, and the inclination of the axis of orientation of the ridges in both sexes (53° vs 70°). New morphological data (head and synlophe) on Heligmonina chabaudi (Desset, 1964), also a parasite of Mastomys natalensis in the Republic of Congo, are provided in order to compare with the new species.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Description of a new species of Heligmonina Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) a parasite of Mastomys Natalensis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Swaziland and new data on the synlophe of Heligmonina Chabaudi (Desset, 1966)

A new species of heligmosomoid nematode belonging to the subfamily Nippostrongylinae Durette-Desset, 1970 is described: Heligmonina wakelini n. sp., a parasite from the small intestine of the commensal rodent Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) from Swaziland. It differs from the most closely related species H. boomkeri Durette-Desset & Digiani, 2005 by the number of the cuticular ridges in the female synlophe (10 vs 12), the width of the left ala, larger than the body diameter in the male, and the inclination of the axis of orientation of the ridges in both sexes (53° vs 70°). New morphological data (head and synlophe) on Heligmonina chabaudi (Desset, 1964), also a parasite of Mastomys natalensis in the Republic of Congo, are provided in order to compare with the new species.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The systematic position of some ethiopian nippostrongylinae (nematoda, trichostrongylina, heligmosomoidea) from the National Collection of Animal Helminths, Onderstepoort, South Africa

The taxonomic status of some nippostrongyline nematodes deposited in the National Collection of Animal Helminths, Onderstepoort, is revised. Heligmonina boomkeri n. sp. is described from Aethomys chrysophilus from South Africa. The most closely related species by the body measurements and the pattern of the caudal bursa is Heligmonina bignonensis Diouf, Bâ & Durette-Desset, 1997, a parasite of Mastomys erythroleucus from Senegal. It differs from the new species mainly in the number of ventral cuticular ridges at mid-body (four versus five) and the left ala in the male is shorter than the body diameter. The systematic position of Heligmonina spira (Ortlepp, 1939) and Neoheligmonella capensis (Ortlepp, 1939) is confirmed here through their synlophe, which was not previously studied.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Molineus cati n. sp. (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea), a parasite of feral cats, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 in South Africa

A new species of the genus Molineus Cameron, 1923 was recovered from feral cats, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758, in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Because of a caudal bursa with rays of the 2-1-2 type, but with the extremities of rays 4 nearer those of rays 3 than those of rays 5, the new species is closely related to seven Neotropical Molineus spp., four parasitic in Primates, two parasitic in Mustelidae and one a parasite of Procyonidae. Amongst these species, only Molineus barbaris Cameron, 1936, a parasite of Tayra barbara (Mustelidae) from Trinidad and Molineus vexillarius (Dunn, 1961), a parasite of Tamarinus nigricollis (Primates) from Peru have rays 4 longer than two-thirds the length of rays 3, like the new species. However, the new species is differentiated from the other two in that rays 9 arise at the level of the bifurcation of the dorsal ray and not after the division as is the case with M. barbaris and M. vexillarius.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.9 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Molecular evidence that Heligmosomoides polygyrus from laboratory mice and wood mice are separate species

The gastro-intestinal (GI) nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus is an important experimental model in laboratory mice and a well-studied parasite of wood mice in the field. Despite an extensive literature, the taxonomy of this parasite in different hosts is confused, and it is unclear whether laboratory and field systems represent the same or different Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Molecular analyses reveal high sequence divergence between H. p. bakeri (laboratory) and H. p. polygyrus (field); 3% difference in the ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) and 8.6% variation in the more rapidly evolving mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. The COI sequence of U.K. H. p. polygyrus is more similar to H. glareoli from voles than to H. p. bakeri, while a single isolate of H. p. polygyrus from Guernsey confirms the extent of genetic variation between H. p. polygyrus populations. Analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that mtCOI sequence variation is associated primarily with groups with distinct ITS2 sequences, and with host identity, but is not partitioned significantly with a single combined taxon H. polygyrus incorporating European and North American isolates. We conclude therefore that the laboratory OTUshould be raised to the level of a distinct species, as H. bakeri from the laboratory mouse Mus musculus, and we reject the hypothesis that H. bakeri has diverged from H. polygyrus in the recent past following introduction into America. However, we are unable to reject the hypothesis that H. polygyrus and H. bakeri are sister taxa, and it may be that H. polygyrus is polyphyletic or paraphyletic