Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Wrightia tinctoria: traditional medicinal plant of India for application on wound dressing materials

48-54Wrightia tinctoria, an important traditional medicinal plant is exploited for treating several diseases. The study intends to reveal the presence of phytochemicals and test the antibacterial activity of W. tinctoria leaf extracts on nonwoven fabrics to find its suitability for wound dressings. The methodology includes identification and collection of W. tinctoria leaves, preparation of leaf powder, determination of physicochemical analysis, extraction using different solvents, preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents, yield of the extracts and determination of antibacterial activity on plant extract treated fabrics. Results revealed the presence of more active metabolites in the ethanol plant extract of W. tinctoria leaves which may be the reason for the promising antibacterial potential against the bacterial strains. As a promising ethnomedicinal plant, W. tinctoria may serve as a major source of useful drugs finding its suitability for developing wound dressings

Systematic review on nine hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease

249-257Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the primary diseases in neurodegenerative diseases. Nowadays, AD is common in one of the ten individuals whose age is more than 65, and its prevalence is kept on increasing with aging. Very few treatments and no effective treatments are available for curing neurodegenerative diseases. Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and their association with the nine hallmarks of aging were clearly described in this review. Instability in genomic, attrition in telomere, alterations in epigenetics, proteostasis loss, dysfunction in mitochondria, senescence in cells, sensing of deregulated nutrition, exhaustion of stem cells, and alterations in intercellular communication are the nine biological hallmarks of Aging. Improving the medical facilities for neurodegenerative diseases is very much essential. Doctors and researchers are doing surplus research to overcome the unavailability of proper treatments for such neurodegenerative diseases. Reason and the causes behind the diseases and their effects are explained in this review to enhance the further research to help the society

Progress and future challenges in gene vectors, gene therapy systems and gene expressions

Genetic engineering has made sizeable contributions to technical innovation, agriculture, and the development of pharmaceuticals. Various approaches were evolved to control the genetic cloth of cells using both viral and nonviral vector architectures. Gene therapy aims to reverse pathological traits with the aid of the use of viral and nonviral gene shipping mechanisms. Gene transfer motors have made massive strides in becoming more environmentally pleasant, much less risky, and nonimmunogenic, as well as making an allowance for lengthy-time period transgene expression. One of the most tough components of correctly enforcing gene healing treatments in the clinical putting is adjusting gene expression extremely tightly and constantly as and while it's required. This research work will cognizance on using viral vectors for gene concentrated on biological applications with various gene expressions. Due to improvements in viral vector engineering and superior gene regulatory systems to permit and adjust tightly therapeutic gene expression, the technology for using genes to offer a preferred treatment has confirmed to be an effective approac

Equitable and Inclusive Landscape Restoration Planning: Learning from a Restoration Opportunity Assessment in India

Local people must be at the center of restoring landscapes. This paper adapts the popular Restoration Opportunity Assessment Methodology (ROAM), which helps show where land can be restored in a given area by growing trees or protecting forests, to the economically poor yet resource-rich Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh in India. By employing an intersectional adaptive governance lens and including the perspectives of people and organizations throughout the larger social landscape, we analyzed the multiple benefits landscape restoration can have on ecosystem services, social inclusion, the economy, and local livelihoods. These participatory methods and tools draw attention to the critical socio-economic components of restoration. The findings indicate that different social groups, like powerful men and marginalized women, have different restoration goals (even for tree species selection). They also show that investing in restoration can create thousands of jobs and secure thousands of rural livelihoods. Analyses that produce these socioeconomic insights can inform implementation strategies that are both inclusive and actionable on the ground. They can also identify roadblocks, like unclear land tenure and resource rights, which can impede restoration. Most importantly, these inclusive strategies can ensure that local people serve as more than passive beneficiaries. They place them in their appropriate role as the central stakeholders driving implementation

Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Wrightia tinctoria: traditional medicinal plant of India for application on wound dressing materials

Wrightia tinctoria is one of the important traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of various diseases. The idea of the research is to study the presence of phytochemicals and test the antibacterial activity of Wrightia tinctoria leaf extracts on nonwoven fabrics to find its suitability for wound dressings. The methodology includes identification and collection of W.tinctoria leaves, preparation of leaf powder, determination of physicochemical analysis, extraction using different solvents, preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents, yield of the extracts and determination of antibacterial activity on treated fabrics. Results revealed the presence of more active metabolites in the extracts of W.tinctoria which may be the reason for the promising antibacterial potential against the bacterial strains. As a promising ethnomedicinal plant, Wrightia tinctoria may serve as a major source of useful drugs finding its suitability for developing wound dressings

Systematic review on nine hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the primary diseases in neurodegenerative diseases. Nowadays, AD is common in one of the ten individuals whose age is more than 65, and its prevalence is kept on increasing with aging. Very few treatments and no effective treatments are available for curing neurodegenerative diseases. Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and their association with the nine hallmarks of aging were clearly described in this review. Instability in genomic, attrition in telomere, alterations in epigenetics, proteostasis loss, dysfunction in mitochondria, senescence in cells, sensing of deregulated nutrition, exhaustion of stem cells, and alterations in intercellular communication are the nine biological hallmarks of Aging. Improving the medical facilities for neurodegenerative diseases is very much essential. Doctors and researchers are doing surplus research to overcome the unavailability of proper treatments for such neurodegenerative diseases. Reason and the causes behind the diseases and their effects are explained in this review to enhance the further research to help the society

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Not AvailableSpatial variability of soil fertility parameters is important to know the distribution of fertility status in a particular area. Surface soil samples from Jirang block, Ri-bhoi district of Meghalaya were analysed for soil reaction, organic carbon, available macro- and micronutrients status. The spatial variability maps were generated for soil parameters by regularised spline technique in ArcGIS 10.0. Soil pH varied from extremely acidic to moderately acidic. The maximum area of soil was under moderately acid (59.3% area) followed by extremely acid (27% area), very strongly acid (6.9% area) and strongly acid (6.9 % area). Soil organic carbon content varied from medium (40% area) to high (60% area). The available nitrogen content was high in 54.5 % area where as available phosphorus was medium in 67.8 % area. Available potassium content was low in 67.5 % area. The micronutrients status was sufficient. The multimacronutrient map (N, P and K) showed 25.4% area was deficient in either all or more than one macronutrient which was classified as high prioritized zone. The multi-micronutrient map (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) showed maximum area under low prioritized zone (80.5% area).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe Meghalaya plateau occupying a major portion of state of Meghalaya remains as an important part of the ancient Deccan plateau. A detailed soil survey (1:10,000 scale) of the Jirang block of Ri-Bhoi district was carried out using IRS-P6 LISS IV and Cartosat-1 images. Typical pedons representing major landforms of the study area viz., denudational hills, plateau and inter hill valley plain developed from granite–gneiss occurring under varying land use were characterized and classified. The soils were deep to very deep, dark greyish brown to red in colour, extremely acid to moderately acid in reaction and high in organic carbon; the latter decreased with depth. Soils on high denudational hills, highly dissected upper and lower plateau and low dissected lower plateau are highly weathered (kandic horizons) with base saturation <35% and are classified as Ultisols. Soils on low denudational hills are highly weathered Alfisols. Soils of moderately dissected lower plateau and those on upper valley region are both Alfisols, but the latter has lower base saturation than the former. The soils of the lower valley are Alfisols with an aquic moisture regime.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe Meghalaya plateau occupying a major portion of state of Meghalaya remains as an important part of the ancient Deccan plateau. A detailed soil survey (1:10,000 scale) of the Jirang block of Ri-Bhoi district was carried out using IRS-P6 LISS IV and Cartosat-1 images. Typical pedons representing major landforms of the study area viz., denudational hills, plateau and inter hill valley plain developed from granite–gneiss occurring under varying land use were characterized and classified. The soils were deep to very deep, dark greyish brown to red in colour, extremely acid to moderately acid in reaction and high in organic carbon; the latter decreased with depth. Soils on high denudational hills, highly dissected upper and lower plateau and low dissected lower plateau are highly weathered (kandic horizons) with base saturation <35% and are classified as Ultisols. Soils on low denudational hills are highly weathered Alfisols. Soils of moderately dissected lower plateau and those on upper valley region are both Alfisols, but the latter has lower base saturation than the former. The soils of the lower valley are Alfisols with an aquic moisture regime.Meghalaya Basin Development Authorit